How the Glass is Made

It’s needed some steps to make a glass which we use everyday. First, we have to collect the material of the glass. They’re sand or pure silica (SiO2), soda or sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and limestone or calcium oxide (CaO). We can add some magnesium oxide (MgO) and aluminum oxide to provide for a better chemical durability. Then, they are put and mixed in the melting pot in a furnace and heated in about 1.500° C. After that, the mixture is divided into two parts. For making plate glass and bottle glass. Plate glass is made by poured molten glass into a roller, so that we get the shape we want. Bottle glass is made by poured molten glass into the removable mould and then the air is blown into the mould so that the molten glass will be pressed to the side of the mould. Then plate glass and bottle glass are cooled down for getting the solid form.

Processes of Making Glass

There are some steps to make glass. First, we need material such as sand (SiO2), limestone (CaO), and soda (Na2CO3). Then, mix those materials in a furnace and burn them in high temperature (1800 Kelvin) until they melt and become glass steam. The glass steam has to be flown to the next step. The next step is glass forming. There are two kind of process. First process is for producing plate glass. To make plate glass, pour the glass steam to container that will flow the mixture through some rollers. These rollers will flatten the glass steam into plate glass. The other process is for producing bottle glass. To make bottle glass, pour the mixture to a removable mould. Then, blow air into the mould to expand the melted mixture to the area inside it. Then, we have to cool down the mixture. After that, remove the mould to get the bottle. These are steps to make the plate glass or bottle glass.


FILMAN FERDIAN
16507209

Making plate and bottle glass

There are several steps that must be followed to make plate and bottle from glass. First, we have to prepare all the basic materials. They are sand, soda and limestone. After that, we mix all of the materials and heat them into the furnace. The furnace must be heated up to 1200 C, until all the materials reach their melting point and become fluids. Next step, the fluids that now called molten glass are flown in to different path for shaping. To make plate glass, flow the molten glass through the rollers so that the molten glass can get its shape. To make bottle glass, pour the molten glass in to the removable mould. Flow air to the molten glass that already shaped. When the temperature gets lower, the molten glass become harder and ready to use.

Parluhutan Alvin Joseph
16607301

Glassmaking Process

To make a glass, there are some steps to follow. First of all, you have to get all of the ingredients and tools: sand, soda, limestone, furnace, roller and removable mould. Then the sand, soda and limestone are mixed and heated in the furnace. After about a day, separate this mixture into two: the first part is flowed to a roller and the second is flowed to a bottle-shaped mould. Finally, after those are cooled, the first part becomes a plate glass and the second becomes bottle glass (after the mould is removed).

SABRINA RAHMAWATI
16507217

How Glass Is Made?

The making of glass requires several steps. Firstly, some sand, soda, and limestone need to be collected. These raw materials are then mixed in a furnace, and are melted down into a liquid known as molten glass. Once this molten glass is obtained the making of both plate glass and bottle glass becomes possible.
For the making of plate glass, the liquid molten glass is then rolled into a flat plate by rollers. When the glass finally cools down it would end up hard and thin, thus producing what we call plate glass.
For the making of bottle glass, the liquid molten glass is poured into a removable mould that has the shape of a bottle. Air is then injected into that removable mould, which forces the glass outward onto the mould and makes the glass take the shape of a bottle. The mould is then cooled down and removed, and a glass bottle is made

Bike to Work

Slogan of “bike to work” is being more popular today. Not just as a slogan but more and more people do it in their daily activities and make it as their lifestyle. Using bicycle to do our daily activities will make some advantages. First, we can save our city from pollution. Since air pollution in big cities, like Jakarta, has became worse day by day, an effort to reduce the using of fossil fuel that exhausts pollutant like carbon monoxide gas will be very worthy. Second, People who use bicycle in their daily activities can increase their health, because, unconsciously they have move all part of their body when they ride their bike. Based on the research, riding bicycle is one of activity that can increase our heart function. The third, we can decrease the level of traffic jam in our city beause using bicycle will not take lots number of the road like car do. The last but not least, we can save the energy, so our next generation can still enjoy natural resources, like oil, even it is unrenewable.

Parluhutan Alvin Joseph

16607301

Making glass

In general, there are several steps to make glass. First, the basic ingredients, which are sand, soda, and limestone are put and mixed together in the furnace. In that melting pot, they are heated at temperatures of 1200^o Celcius to be the molten glass material. The molten glass is divided into 2 kinds of process to get the shape of the glass. In the first kind of process, the molten glass is poured into rollers machine to be pressed. The result is the plate shaped glasses. The second kind of process is shaping bottle glass. In this case, the molten glass is put into the removable mould. During the shaping process, the air is blown into the mould. Then, the bottle glass is safely removed from the mould. After shaping, the glasses have to be cooled down before they are used or repackaged.

The Process of Making Glass Holds

There are several steps to make plate or bottle glass. First, we have to prepare sand, soda, and limestone as raw materials, for the better results, sometimes additional materials are needed. The next step is mixing and combusting all of the materials in the furnace, this process produce a mixture which should be used as basic materials for glass making. Then, this mixture is distributed into two channels or pipes, one is for plate glass further process another one is for bottle glass further process. The mixture in plate glass pipe is dumped into a basin to be rolled and shaped in the Rollers, we can call this process’ product as “hot plate”. The mixture in bottle glass pipe is put into removable mould along with the air to make desired shapes, we can call this process product as “hot bottle”. These two half-final products, “hot plate” and “hot bottle”, are put in an advanced cooler to get the final result, formed in plate and bottle glass as we seen in our circumstances. Sometimes, for aesthetic touch, these glass plate and glass bottle are painted or furnished.

16607097

Process of Making Glass

There are several steps to produce glass. First of all, we have to put the “ingredients” into the furnace. The material are sand, soda, and limestone. The furnace will melt them all. After that, the melting material will be divided and transported to two different locations. In the first location, we will make the material to be a bottle glass. The material will be put in a removable mould to fill it up. When the material has filled this mould, the air is blown to the center of the mould to make an empty space in the bottle. Then we just have to make the temperature lower, so the material will be back to its solid state. In the second location, we will make the material to be a plate glass. The material will be placed in a container that will transport it pass some rollers, to make it flat. After that, we have to lower its temperature, just like the bottle glass making process. These are the end of glass-making process.

Agung Rizky Fajri

16607119

FTSL 4

The Process of Glassmaking

There are three steps to make the glass. First is mixing the raw materials into the furnace. Silica in the sands, soda, and limestone as the raw materials are melted at temperatures of 1700 degrees Celcius for 24 hours in the furnace. During the process, we can add some substances like color powder or broken glass from a previous melt. Then, the second step is cooling the mixture several hundred degrees in order to make it easy to be formed. The third step is make the liquid formed. The liquid glass can be blown, pressed, drawn, or rolled. To make a bottle glass, the liquid is placed in a mold, and the air pressure is given against the side of the mold. While, to make a plate glass, the thick liquid is gone through the rollers until it has flat form. After that, place the formed glass in the oven to make it strong and then cooling it down at controlled temperatures. Finally, the glass has made and ready to be used.

Dian Rahmawati
16607126

The Making of Glass

Glass that we always use has passed many steps until we can use it. To make the glass, first we need some ingredients of glass such sand, soda, and limestone. Then these essential materials must be heated in a furnace. Second, we must process it and shape it to what we want. For example, if we want to make bottle glass, we need mould to help making the hole inside the bottle and the outside shape. Different from bottle glass, to make a plate glass we have to use some rollers to make the glass flat. Finally, the glass must be polished in order to make the glass looks sleeker. Then after some washing and cleaning, the glass has been ready to use.

How to make glass

Actually we did not obtain glass as the form we use now, but it is a mixture of some materials that processed in high temperature. The materials are sand (silica, SiO₂), limestone (calcium oxide, CaO), and soda ash (sodium carbonate, Na₂CO₃). We can add other material to get better quality of glass. To make glass, first the three basic materials heated with a high temperature inside the furnace. After it blended well, a high temperature liquid glass is directed into two machines, plate making machine and bottle-glass making machine. Inside the plate making machine, liquid glass is flowed through a roller to make thin plate glass, and it is pressed until we get the shape of glass we want. At the bottle-glass machine, the high temperature liquid glass placed at the top of the removable mould and blew by air. The liquid will puff and stick at the mould surface. After it cold enough the surface of the glass is softened by grindstone and finally it is ready to use.

edria albert varian wahyudi

16507073

The Process of Making Glass

Although making glass requires sophisticated tools, the process is actually simple. One of the process is using soda, limestone and sand as the basic materials. The materials must first be reduced to powder. Then they are mixed and put into furnace. After heated for 5 or 6 hours in high temperature, we have the materials is perfectly melted. The melted materials is called molten glass. The molten glass is put into some kind of machine to make a plate glass. The machine has some rollers to flatten the molten glass. To make a bottle glass. the molten glass is put into a removable mould and blown with air. After the glass is cooled, the mould can be removed and we have a bottle glass.

Bona
16507065

It's hard to imagine if modern people nowadays doesn't get contact with glass. Almost every modern equipment use glass as its primary material. Lamps, for example, use glass to avoid direct contact with human being. Television uses glass for its screen. Since glass has such an important role in our life. We need to know what glass really is and how it created.

It is widely known in public that glass is mixture of three ingredients: Sand or silicon oxide which is the most important elements to make glass, soda (Na2CO3) which helps to lessen the process temperature from 2000^oC to 1000^oC, and limestone so that the mixture doesn’t dissolve easily.

After collecting these three components, we combine them in a furnace and melt it at 1000^oC or more. As soon as the mixture melts, we pass it into two tunnels. One of them pours it into an empty container that has been designated to form several kinds of bottle. In this container, a flow of air is run into it in order to cool down the hot mixture.

The other tunnel leads to a roller machine that justifies the molten mixture so that the glass is produced in a plate form. These plate form then utilize in many way such as, in a building, television, light bulbs, and other products.

16607090

The production of glass

The production of glass has several steps. First, sand, soda, and limestone are mixed and heated in a furnace. Then the result is divided to two places. In the first place, the mixture is flattened by rollers then cooled to get a solid form. The result in the first place is plate glass. In the second place, the mixture is poured into a removable mould and blown by air, so in the result the mixture forms a bottle’s shape. Then the bottle glass is cooled and the mould is removed, so the bottle glass can be taken.

Stephen Herlambang
16507093
STEI

Good work, thanks

How to Make glass

Glass can be made into two types, bottle and plate glasses. The process to make bottle and plate is quite similar. First, melt the materials such as soda, sand and limestone to the furnace. The temperature of the melting must be kept in a high temperature until the materials are brought to a state of perfect fusion. Second, the mixture is directed to each mould. To make a plate glass, the mixture is placed in a tank which has a hole in under so that the mixture can flow to the rollers. Finally, the rollers will flatten the mixture to form a plate glass. Meanwhile, to make a bottle glass, the mixture is flowed to the removable mould with an air pressure to push the mixture against the side of the mould. After the glass is formed, the mould will be removed.

Good work, thanks.

Glass making

Glass making through along several processes. To make a glass, first, I have to put the basic material of glass into a furnance. The basic material are sand, soda, and limestone. They are be burned and put into furnance. The output from the first process, that is liquid glass, be distributed into glass mold machine. Among others there are plate mold machine and bottle mold machine. The plate mold machine arranged from rollers of a sort so that liquid glass can be transformed into a good plate shape. The bottle mold form was made so that it can be removed after molding. Before the liquid of glass enter the bottle mold form, an air stream flow be blown on it. All of this process of making glass tools ending in the process of cooling off.

Luthfi AG
16507233

How To Make Glass

Products of glass are made by several steps. First, several kinds of raw material, such as sand, limestone, and soda, are heated with high temperature inside a furnace. Actually, the main material of glass is silicon. Sand, limestone, and soda are used as basic materials because they contain silicon. Second, after all basic materials are melted and blended well, the liquid glass is directed into two different direction. One direction is to make plate glass and another to make printed glass, such as a bottle. In making a plate glass, liquid glass is placed in another furnace. From this furnace, liquid glass is directed to a roller machine then rolled and become a plate glass.
In the bottle glass production, little part of liquid glass is penetrated in to a removable mould shaped bottle. Then, some air is blown into the mould upon the liquid glass so the glass is blown and it sticks to mould wall. Because the glass follows the shape of mould wall, it then forms a bottle; like the printer mould shape. After glass become solid again, the mould is removed and we get a bottle glass.

16507141


Good work, thanks

Plate Glass and Bottle Making

There are several steps to make plate glass and bottle. Firstly, material of composing glass is burned in a furnace. Next, these materials are added with sand, soda, and limestone. After that, these materials are burned long enough. Product of burning is continued to two places. First place is to make plate glass and another to make bottle/glass. Product of burning comes into first place and into rollers. Then,it being plate glass. In second place, product of burning is added with air while first place is not. Next, product of burning comes into second place together with air. Second place is removable mould. So,product of burning can comes into it and being bottle.

ANDI HENDRA PALUSERI
16507314

Glass Making Process

Glass is a combination of silicious substances (i.e. sand) with one of fixed alkalies (i.e. soda) and also limestone. First, the sand, soda and limestone must first be finely granulated into powder. After the coarse parts are sifted out, the materials are mixed in the proper proportion (10 sand : 17 soda : 5 limestone) and put in the furnace for fiver or six hours. While the materials are heated in the furnace, they must be frequently stirred. After five or six hours, the matter is called frit and divided into two parts. The first part is used to make plate-glass. The frit is easily converted into glass by only pounding and rolling the frit. Sometimes, flux is added in a small portion to correct any fault in plate-glass. The second part is used to make bottle-glass. The frit is poured into a removable mould. When the frit turns into solid, the mould can be removed. The important thing that should be given more attention to get well-made glass is the furnace. The heat in the furnace should be brought on gradually to make a clear glass.

Good work, thanks



16607221

MAKING GLASS

Glass in all its myriad forms starts life in the raw material quarry. Those are sand (silica (SiO2)), limestone / dolomite (calcium oxide (CaO)), and soda ash (sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)). These three basic raw materials are manufactured and then delivered to the furnace to be made into a batch and melted to produce molten glass. In the furnace, firing is by natural gas through the side ports and the glass temperature in the furnace ranges from about 1100 – 1590 degrees Celsius.

From the furnace, the melted glass entering a bottle and plate forming machine.

In the bottle forming machine, different forming techniques are used, depending on the container to be produced, like wide mouth bottles or light weight bottles. But generally, a carefully measured amount of molten glass, called a “gob”, is fired through a funnel into the blank removable mould. Air is then blown into the gob to make it hollow. Then compressed air is used to produce the final shape.

The finished bottle is removed from the machine and conveyed to the lehr for annealing. Anneal is to toughen (glass or metals) by heating and slow cooling.

For plate forming, the gob enter the rolling machine and end up in the plate form. This glass plate can be processed becoming another form like window etc.

16507118

“Happy Idul Fitri 1428H”
Happy holiday…!!

Good work, thanks

How to Make Glass

It is not easy to make glass, and there are several steps must be followed. Firstly, prepare the materials, they are sand (silica), soda (Na2CO3) and limestone (CaO). Next, mix those ingredients in a furnace and burn them with very high temperature (over 1500 degrees of celcius) until they melt. After that, the mixture is separated into two parts. The first part is used to make a plate glass. In this part, the mixture is flowed in a melting pot, then it is cooled and formed by rollers. Another part is used to make a bottle glass. The mixture is placed in removable mould and blowen air into it. The air pressure will force the mixture to againts the wall and the glass blows become a bottle. Let it cools and hardens. Finally, remove the new bottle glass from the mould.

Nurika M.I
16607127

Good work, thanks.

Glass Make

To make glass out of raw materials, the correct material which is sand, soda, and limestone is needed. First, all of the material will be contained in a furnace and then burned in a high temperature that will make the material into liquid form. Second, the burned material will be divided two, one will be used as a plate glass material, while the other one will be used as bottle glass’. To make a plate glass the material will be grind in a roller until it took a flat shape. Making a bottle shaped glass is a bit different than a plate glass. The material for the bottle glass will be poured in a removable mould together with some air to make the material took the shape of the mould. When the material is solid enough the mould will be removed and the glass’ shape will remained as when it is inside the mould.

Adrian Edbert Luman
16507130
Writing Task 4

Good work, thanks. Adrian, you should use present tense.

Making Glass

To produce glass, there are several steps must be followed. The first step is to mix the raw materials, which is sand, soda, and limestone, in the furnace. The amount of each ingredient must be set to specific proportion. After that, burn the ingredients in the furnace at certain temperature until they are molten and mixed with each other. Next is the shaping phase. In this phase, the steps are different depend on what the glass will be made into. Generally there are two kinds of glass, plate glass and bottle glass. To produce plate glass, pour the molten ingredients to container that will flow the ingredients through some rollers. These rollers will flatten the mixture into plate glass with certain thickness. To produce bottle glass, pour the mixture to a removable mould. Then, some air is blown into the mould to expand the melted mixture to the area inside it. After both mixtures have been shaped, leave them in open air. When the temperature is low enough, the mixture will get hardened. Finally, a solid glass can be obtained.

Mochamad Raditya Pradana
16607004

Good work, thanks.

Process of making Glass

There are several steps in producing glass. First of all,the compounds such as silica(SiO2) in form of sand, soda, and limestone is mixed in the furnace. In this process,all of the component are heated until its melting point at 1700 degree Celcius and then the mixture become fluids. Next, the fluids will be flown into different path, one goes to a bottle glass process,another goes to plate glass process. In the bottle glass process,the mixture is put into removable mould and blown by the air,so the mixture will follow the shape of the mould's border and the air will fill the empty part of the bottle.In the plate glass, the fluids is put into one place and then it will flown passes the rollers to make the thin shape of the glass. After cooled, the glass is ready to use.

Task Four

Muhammad Haekal

16507127

Good work, thanks.

HOW GLASS IS MADE

There are several steps you need to do when you want to make a glass. First, you need to collect all of the ingredients. The ingredients are sand (mineral contains silica), soda (Na2CO3) and limestone (CaO). Second, after getting all of the ingredients, put them all into a furnace and then burn them with proper temperature, it is about 1400 degrees of Celsius. Third, separate the processed ingredients into two parts, the first part is used to make plate glass and the second part is used to make bottle glass. For the first part, flow the mixture (processed ingredients) into a melting pot. There, the molting pot grinds and polishes the both sides of mixture to make it smooth and pure, then the part of molting pot called roller carries the mixture. For the second part, heat the mixture up to 700 degrees of Celsius until the sand melts and becomes fluid. At this point, the raw material is already melted and the output of that process is called molten glass. Then flow it into a mold in the end of a tube. In the end of making plate or bottle glass process, cool the mixture to get the solid form of either plate glass or bottle glass. To make a high quality of bottle glass, place the molten glass in an annealing oven, then cool it so slowly that the glass is not able to shatter from the strain of sudden temperature change.

Ario Yudo Husodo

16507042

Good work, thanks.

Commiting Suicide

Almost 3 years ago,suicidal has being hot issues in Japan.Almost everyday,at least one of Japanese,especially teenager,commiting suicide for unknown reason. Government say that the cause for this unordinary case is the impact of bad habit around the victim's environment. However, it is not similar with phsycologist's tought. According to their discovery at that time,most of the victims were ordinary and introvert person and also related to the computer everyday.They believe that the victims have been registered as member of some internet community which impact them to commit suicide.

Clearly this problem should be concerned by all of us. As we know the globalization grew so fast nowadays.We should know how to wave the information ,not Information waved us.I'm sure we all don't want to see people die easily just because of the simple cause just like this.

Task Three

Muhammad Haekal

16507127
Good work, thanks.

How Glass is Made

There are several steps to make glass. First, mix sand, soda, and limestone. Then burn it in a furnace at a very high temperatures. After this process, we'll get the molten glass. The molten glass is the basic form of plates,bottles,and other things that made from glass. To make plates, place the molten glass into a rolling pin to be pressed, cool it down, and the molten glass will become a hard-thin plate glass. To make bottles, pour the molten glass into a removable mould. Then, blow the air into the mould, cool it down, remove the mould, and we'll get the bottles. It sounds easy, but we need to be careful or we could get burnt!

FATIMAH ZAHRA
16607167
Good work, thanks.

The Three Simple Steps to Make Plate and Bottle Glass

Glass has been used by us for many years but “have you ever known how glass is made?” There are three steps to make two kinds of glass which are plate and bottle glass. First of all processes, sand, soda, and limestone must be mixed and burnt at 1500 Reamur in a furnace. The next step, the mixed form from the furnace is divided into two directions in order to get the final form. The final stage, plate glass can be produced if the mixed form is intercepted by a tank and formed by rollers. Bottle glass is formed by a removable mould and in the middle of this process some air is blown into the mould to get the shape of the bottle that we used to use it.

BENHARDI
16507034
WR-01

Good work, thanks.

The Process of Glass-Making

The glass-making process is a time-taking process. The process starts with mixing silica which is obtained from sand with other raw materials which is added to make the process can be done easier like soda that can lowered the melting point of silica and limestone which is added to get better chemical durability. Then, the mixture is routed to the furnace to be heated until it is melted. And the result is the glass stream. Next, the glass stream is distributed to different production line. Some are distributed to make plate glass and the rest are distributed to bottle glass production. The plate glass is formed by sending the glass stream to the rollers to be flatted. While bottle glass is formed in a longer process. First, the glass stream is cut into gobs. Then, the gobs are routed to the blank removable molds. Next step is forming the parison, partially shaped container, by using compressed air then blow out the shape. Finally, after removing the mold, the container or the bottle is done.

Good work, thanks.

the process to make glass

Making a glass is not hard. it's relatively easy. before make a glass
you must collect all ingredients. the ingredients are sand, soda, and limestone.
After you had all ingredients, put them into furnace and burnt it with temperatures
of approximately 1500 degrees celcius.The output of that process is molten glass.
with molten glass, you can make two kinds of glass, plate glass or shaped glass.
To make plate glass, you must flow the molten glass to roller.After it cooled, you
will get plate glass. The process to make a shaped glass is a little different than
making plate glass. After you get molten glass, flow it to the shaped mould.
The shape can be anything. It can be bottle, can, or anything. After the molten
glass (inside the mould) has cooled, remove the mould and you will get shaped glass.
See, it's easy right?

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How To Make A Glass

There are easy ways in making of glass. First, we have to collect the material, such as sand, soda, and limestone. After collected, all of the material is mixed in a furnace. Next step is heating. The furnace is heated for about six to twelve hours. Then, the molten is separated into two different process, in order to make two different shapes. The first one is rolled under the rolling pins. In this process, the molten will become plate-shaped glass. Then, the second one is placed under the removable mould which is shaped like a bottle. In this process, the bottle-shaped glass can be obtained after removed from the removable mould. After became two different shapes, the glass is given ornaments and cleaned.

Abraham Ranardo Sumarsono
16507125

The Glass-Making Process

There are several steps in the glass-making process. For the first step, we must collect the ingredients to make glass. The ingredients are sand, soda, and lime, which we can get from limestone. In the second step, we must mixed them all and put it in the melting pot in the furnace and then we must heated it up to approximately 2500 degrees Fahrenheit. The result which we can get from it is a form of a molten glass. The last step is forming the molten glass into a solid glass. From this molten glass form, we can make two kinds of glass. That is, the plate glass and the bottle glass. To make plate glass, the molten glass must be poured into some rollers which can shaped the molten glass into a plate glass. The second kind is the bottle glass. To make this bottle glass, the molten glass was poured into a removable mould. While this process take place, the air was blown into the mould as well so that the molten glass was pressed to the side of the mould. After the molten glass cooled down and began to shape a solid bottle form, the mould will be removed to get the bottle glass . These are the steps in the glass-making process.


Mochammad Taufan
16607259
Good work, thanks.

Making Glass

The making of glass doesn’t take lots of steps. First step, silica in the form of sand as the main ingredient, combined with soda ash and lime stone are flowed into a furnace and melted at temperatures of 1700oC. Then, the mixture is separated into two parts, for making plate glass and the other is for making bottle glass. For making plate glass, the mixture is just flowed into a melting pot then it is grinded and polished both sides to smooth clarity, then it is caried by a system of rollers . For making bottle glass, the mixture is heated to above 1,000 degrees Farenheit, until the sand melts, and becomes fluid, this is molten glass. It is then blown into a balloon-like shape on the end of a tube. In commercial mold blown and pressed glass applications, this 'balloon' of glass is blown inside a bottle-shaped. The mold is then placed in an annealing oven, to cool very slowly, so the glass doesn't shatter from the strain of sudden temperature change. Both of those two process are ended with cooling process to get the solid form of either plate glass or bottle glass.

Marcella Dyan
16607067
Good work, thanks

Glass Production

Glass is made by two separated processes, melting and forming. First, sand (mineral contains silica), limestone (CaO), and soda (Na2CO3) are put together in a melting pot in a furnace. Next, the pot is heated up to approximately 1200-degree Celsius. At this point, the raw material is already melted, forming a reddish liquid, that is called molten glass. Second process is forming. In this part, molten glass is formed into plate glass and bottle, the basic form of every glassware such as lamp tube and sauce bottle. Molten glass is poured to a series of rolling pin. Then the glass is pressed by the rolling pin to be a plate. After cooled down with air, the glass formed a hard-thin-plate glass. To make bottle glass, molten glass is poured to a bottle-shape mold. Then, compressed air is injected into the center of the mold so it will press the glass outward and make the center of the glass hollow. Next, the mold is cooled down and the glass is taken out as a bottle. So after these processes molten glass becomes plate glass and bottle.

Kris Derril S.
16507088

Very well written.

Processes to Make a Glass

There are some steps to make a glass. First, sand, soda, and limestone are put and mixed in a furnace, and then they are heated. Then the mixture is divided into 2 paths of process. In the first path, the mixture is cooled and formed by rollers. It becomes plate glass. In the second path, the mixture is put in a removable mould. When the mixture is put, the air is blown into the mould. Then the mixture forms a bottle glass shape in the mould. Then the mould is removed to get the bottle. These are the processes to make a glass.

Bernardino Madaharsa D.A. / 16507204

Very well written.

Glass Making

There are several steps in making glass. First of all, sand, soda, and limestone must be mixed and burnt in a furnace. Then, the melted form of the mixture can be made into two kinds of glass, that is, plate glass and bottle glass, which depend on the process. Plate glass can be produced if the melted mixture is flatten by rollers machine, while bottle glass is formed by a removable mould. In moulding the bottle glass, the melted mixture must be put into the neck of removable mould. Then, some air is blown into the mould to expand the melted mixture to the area inside it. Both plate glass and bottle glass have the same final process. The formed melted mixture is cooled to get a solid glass.

Aris Feryanto
16507262

Very good.

Playing Guitar

I really like to play guitar. I play guitar since I was in third grade of junior high school. I didn’t take a music course but I learn it autodidacts. My first guitar is acoustic Brunswick. I like to play guitar because it can relax my mind and helps me to entertain myself when I feel so bored. Not only that, I think the sound of the guitar is so beautiful. The harmonization makes me want to play it more and more. I usually play it three hours a day and it increases my ability in playing this instrument. I tend to play blues music because the melody is simple but beautiful. My favorite guitar player is John Mayer. The way he plays the guitar gives me motivation to play the guitar as good as he is.

Good, thanks for posting.

Earthquake

An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of stored energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes are accordingly measured with a seismometer, commonly known as a seismograph. The magnitude of an earthquake is conventionally reported using the Richter scale (with magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes being hard to notice and magnitude 7 causing serious damage over large areas). For example, the earthquakes that occurs in Sumatra recently has a magnitude of 7.9 Richter scale. It causes some houses to crumble and it also damaged large areas.

At the Earth's surface, earthquakes may manifest themselves by a shaking or displacement of the ground. Sometimes, they cause tsunamis, which may lead to loss of life and destruction of property. An earthquake is caused by tectonic plates getting stuck and putting a strain on the ground. The strain becomes so great that rocks give way by breaking and sliding along fault planes.

Earthquakes may occur naturally or as a result of human activities. Smaller earthquakes can also be caused by volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear experiments.

Mochammad Taufan
16607259

Good, thanks for posting.

HOW GLASS IS MADE

Glass used in a lot of human equipments comes from raw materials which pass the making process of glass. There are three steps in making of glass. They are melting, cooling, and forming.
The first step is melting. The raw materials containing silica which is from white sand or pulverized sandstone, soda (sodium bicarbonate), and lime which is from limestone are melted together at 2600 until 2900 Fahrenheit in furnace. The temperature depends on the composition of the raw materials. This step takes about twenty four hours.
The second step is cooling. After melting, the molten glass is then cooled until several hundreds degree at which it can be shaped. It has to be worked quickly to form it into the desired shape.
The last step is forming. The glass can be formed into bottles or plates. For glass bottles, molten glass is placed in a mould. Air is blown in and then the air pressure forces the glass against the side of the mould. When the glass cools and hardens, the mould is opened and a newly-made glass bottles removed. For glass plates, the sheet of glass is rolled flat along the assembly line. After it cools, the glass is ground and polished.


CAMELIA INDAH M.
16607256

Good writing, thanks.

Giving a better live for the veterans

Most of Indonesian independent war veterans have a bad luck. Some of them do not get any good attention from the government of Indonesia. Therefore, they live in a poor condition. Whereas they are the people who fought hard to make this independent country become real.

Their contribution to this nation make us live as good as now. This country could be worse without their spirit to fight.

In my opinion, this case is like a curse to our country because we forget the veteran’s merit for this country. If we have given a good life for the veteran, we may be able to build this country to be developed country.

As a people of Indonesia, we have to concern about this problem. We have to ask the government to give sufficient salaries for the veteran. Otherwise, we can give some suggestions to the government. Such as, make the government ask foreign businessman to take care some Indonesian war veteran. Each foreign businessman should handle 5-10 families of Indonesian veteran. If the government has asked the businessman to take care the veterans, we will be able to give a good life for them.

Filman Ferdian

16507209

Good, thanks for posting.

The difference between high school education and university education

After high school we go straight to university, and many of us get a culture shock. There is a huge difference between life as a high school student, and life as a university student.

In high school we are told what to do, and are forced to do it. Our teachers tell us what to study, and we are punished if we do not obey. Therefore, like it or not, most of us end up studying, and as a result we gain knowledge. However, because the learning is forced some of us may not be sincere, and may end up studying a particular topic simply to avoid punishment. In that case, our learning is not driven by interest, and the knowledge we gain could be quickly forgotten. Nevertheless, we do gain some knowledge, and we learn discipline as well. Indeed, the cultivation of discipline amongst students is a big part of most high schools. We are very often made to adhere to strict rules and regulations, and are made to dress in a particular manner. However, whilst many high school students may appear disciplined on the outside, it is unclear if they have really developed inner self-discipline, as their discipline has been forced upon them. In short, high school is an institution of obedience, where we are forced to learn and uphold discipline. However, it remains to be seen whether or not high school students really have developed self-discipline, or really have developed a sincere thirst for knowledge.

University is totally different from high school. There are no dress codes, and there are no school-like punishments if we do not do our assignments or do not come to lectures. There are few of the school-like rules and regulations. If we misbehave in lectures the lecturer will simply send us out of the lecture room, and if we do not study well we will simply fail the course. We are free to express ourselves, and if we are to succeed we have to organize our own studies, and develop a sense of self-discipline. Basically, university does not force students to study. Rather, university students have to force themselves to study. As a result, the only students who would succeed in university are those who are really dedicated and interested in studying whatever they have chosen to study. In other words, success in university proves that a student is sincere, and proves that he or she really possesses the virtue of discipline. I feel that university distinguishes the sincere seeker of knowledge from the ordinary student, as I feel that there is no way for us to learn unless we ourselves want to learn. Knowledge gained in that manner is treasured, and rarely forgotten.

Good, thanks for posting.

nd

I’m going to let know you the reason I choose ITB as the place of my advanced education. I choose ITB since it offer extra advantage than another universities in Indonesia. Besides, ITB has pretty comprehensive facilities, such as library, laboratory, and another facility to support academic process. Moreover, ITB is convenient enough for me to study as ITB situated in a flat terrain and have nice temperature. I can’t imagine if I study in a hot place such Jakarta or Padang. The next reason is the sufficient amount of scholarship in ITB. I’ve heard from my former that ITB have good proportion between scholarship and students. The last reason I choose ITB is, that ITB is top university in Indonesia. Top university means top lecturers, top students, and bright future for me. So, just like Newton Third Law, if there is an action, there will be a reaction. I did too. I choose it because ITB have what it should have to attract me.

Good.

first

I would like to tell you one of my unpleasant experiences in the first month I study in ITB. This accident (I prefer call it accident to experience) occurred last Friday. It just about five minutes late, when I arrive at GKU Barat. Unfortunately, I don’t commit to memory in which room my class is. Therefore, I started search for my class, room by room, from second floor to the third ones. First searching gave me nothing because I didn’t have any clue, except the lecturer teaching my class. Acutely, I didn’t learn by heart whether my class in the second or third floor. I almost gave up as I’ve searched for two times. Finally, I found my class after ten minutes searching. I found my classroom in the third floor and I’ve passed through the room for four times. What a tragic accident!

Check your tenses.

Fasting during Ramadan

Fasting during ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam, the essential religious duties of all adult Muslims. Fasting, according to the Qur'an, begins from daybreak until sunset. Fasting consists of self-denial not only from food and drink, but also from sexual relations and smoking. Furthermore, Muslims take special care to avoid negative actions such as lying and fighting.
All Muslims who have reached puberty and who are mentally and physically able to sustain fasting are obliged to fast during Ramadan. People who are sick or traveling, and pregnant or nursing women, are excused from fasting, but they have to make up any missed days later when he/she has recovered or returned. Women who are menstruating or bleeding after childbirth are not allowed to fast, but they too must make up the days they miss at a later date. The elderly and incurably sick need not fast, but they are expected to feed one poor person for every day of fasting they miss.
Before fasting, all of fasting Muslims are recommended to have a meal, called sahur, shortly before dawn during Ramadan. At that moment they state (not saying, but just inside the heart) the intention of fasting. After fasting, as soon as day's end, they are recommended to hurry the breaking of the fast with another meal, called ta'jil. Ta'jil should be a light meal, taken before proceeding maghrib pray. Providing ta'jil to others, especially to the poor, is considered highly praiseworthy. Many Muslims have ta'jil in the neighborhood mosque and invite friends, relatives, and neighbors to join them.
Fasting have many meaning. The fast introduces physical and spiritual discipline. By fasting, the body will become healthier. Moreover, it implicate to self-purification and spiritual growth. Besides of that, fasting serves to remind us the rich of the misfortunes of the poor and fosters, through this difficult act of worship. It also increase a sense of solidarity and mutual care among Muslims of all social background.

Nama : Haris Amrullah Lubis
NIM : 16507086

Good thought.

Computer Virus…

Computer virus is a computer program designed to spread from one computer to other computers, and interfere with files and other programs in a computer. It can spread through the internet (like email, porn sites, downloaded files, etc), computers data exchange on a network, and removable storage media (like floppy disk, flash disk, memory card, CD/DVD-ROMS, etc). It adds its own code to the files and programs to gain control of the infected files when they are opened, so as far as our computer is infected, the virus always runs behind our working in the computer, then our system would be very slow down.

The virus makers make the computer viruses for many reasons. They can use their viruses to delete or change files in the infected computers, steal important information (such as credit card number), cripple the operating system (OS), and even make their names or nicknames famous.

Preventing our computers from viruses is very important, because more and more viruses are created daily. We can use any security or antivirus program to prevent the virus infection, as far as we update it regularly. Actually, there’s no personal computer which is safe from all virus infections, so backing up our important data is a must as after a very dangerous infection.

Martin Tua Hamonangan Sirait

16507338

Good.

Save Our Planet

Human does everything causing the global warming. Indonesia suffers from the loss of two billions hectare of rain forest each year. The loss means that we have no trees to produce oxygen and many wild animals such as tigers and elephants are in danger. Moreover, pollution is going crazy everyday, starts from noise pollution, water pollution and also air pollution. Those all are causing the ozone becoming less and less. In addition, the nuclear project also worsen the condition of this blue planet since it's radioactive is very harm and destructive.
However, we can do something to save this beautiful planet. We can start from ourselves by changing our lifestyle. First, we should reduce the usage of television, radio, phone charger, computer, etc. The second, we should not waste the water. The next step is planting a tree or flower. A simple thing can be very beautiful for this planet. Moreover, we should remind our friends with the global warming. We should protect the earth if we want to live in this beautiful planet.




16607221
Good, thanks for posting.

Debate is Our Daily Life

"Debate or debating is a formal method of interactive and position representational argument. Debate is a broader form of argument than logical argument, since it includes persuasion which appeals to the emotional responses of an audience, and rules enabling people to discuss and decide on differences, within a framework defining how they will interact.

Informal debate is a common occurrence, but the quality and depth of a debate improves with knowledge and skill of its participants as debaters. Deliberative bodies such as parliaments, legislative assemblies, and meetings of all sorts engage in debates. The outcome of a debate may be decided by audience vote, by judges, or by some combination of the two. Formal debates between candidates for elected office, such as the leaders debates and the U.S. presidential election debates, are common in democracies."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debate

Based on article above, we can't deny, even if we are a peasant or politician, that we will eventually do debate with other people, known or newly recognized, even in simple matters. For example, if you are not agree with your mother's decision about your monthly money's amount, you will debate it with delivering your reasons that you need more money for daily needs, etc. Even if you're not meet other people, you sometime debate with your heart about moral thing, whether what you done is right or wrong.

Debating is beneficial, by debating with others we will broaden our view and know many different perception of one problem, we also can share our experience with others and improve our social skills. Structured debate will end up in good ending but not with debate that is not supported with logical reason. Look the politician in Indonesia, they often fight after long debate about some government plan, in Nusa Tenggara for example, because they debate with not good reasons and logics, which is bad for both sides. Imagine if there is no debate in this world, there will be different law for different people with different perception, very annoying world. Debate is incontrovertible things in our life, maybe before you read this blog you have done a debate with your friends, who knows.

Esqi Aktiadi
16507162
Good, thanks for posting.

Internet Banking

Nowadays, there is a service that is served by several banks in Indonesia, which make us easier in menaging our debts. This service is using the internet connection. It's called Internet Banking. With Internet Banking, we can freely do our transaction at any time, and no queue up like in the bank. It covers bank-to-bank transfer, bill payments, GSM voucher, airplane ticket, and debts position. This service is usable 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and 365 days a year. It can be used when we are going overseas, or even in the jungle, as long as there is an internet connection nearby. We can do the transactions without being bordered by time and places. So, this service is really useful for us who want to make the transactions easier and faster.

Tedy Muslim Haq
16407170

Good, thanks for posting.

Tyre in Formula One

In motorsport, tyres are one of the most important component that affect the engine performance on track. The tyres are the only contect patch between a car and the ground. A little change on the tyres can greatly influence the performance of a racecar, especially Formula One car.

The official Formula One tyres supplier, Bridgestone, produces about 50.000 tyres in a seasons. Before producing, Bridgestone tyre engineers have to design the compound of the tyre in order to get the best tyre for race. A good tyre should have a strong grip with the ground. To get more grip, the engineers add more rubber into the element of the tyres. Wide tyre also could maximize the grip of tyre.

To compensate for lost footprint area in F1 tyres, the tyre engineers are designing the smaller diamater tyres with more flexible sidewall so more tyre will come in contact with the track. Judging from this knowledge, it is wise to choose a tyre with a taller carcass when running on a track with a rough or bumpy surface so the stiffer sidewall will help cope with the bumps and irregularities.

Almost all of the tyre parts are coloured in black. It comes from the carbon black. It's the best reinforcement for the rubber and makes the tyres black. Actually, there are also some different colour reinforcement, either blue or red, but it's not as strong as carbon black so that's why F1 tyres are black.

After designing the tyres, Bridgestone produces the tyres. Then, the produced tyres will be sent to the F1 teams a day before the practice day.

Before starting a race, the car engineers from each team always cover the F1 tyres with black blanket called tyre warmer. It could set the temperature of the tyres up to 100 degrees Celcius. They warm the tyres in order to get more grip from the heated tyres. The tyres will become very hot. Then there is a joke around F1 engineers, if you hungry, just fry an egg on the tyres.

In the end of the race, some of the used tyres are examined by team engineers and some of them are shipped out to Bridgestone factory, Japan, to be burnt in one of the factory facilities.

Devita Sari
16607090

Good, thanks for posting.