Glasses..

There are several kinds of glasses that can be adapted to different uses. Glass can be manipulated to form packaging, car windscreens, glazing or numerous other products. Bottle-glass is the coarsest and cheapest kind of glass which consists of alkaline earth and oxide of iron combined with alumina and silica. While, the best and most beautiful are the flint and the plateglass. They are composed of fixed alkali, pure siliceous sand, calcined flints and litharge, in different proportions.
Glass is made by melting together several minerals at very high temperatures. Silica in the form of sand is the main ingredient and this is combined with soda ash and limestone. Other materials can be added to produce different colours or properties. These materials for making glass must first be reduced to powder, which is done in mortars or by horse mills. After having a powder, sift out coarse parts and mix silex and flux together, put in furnace, and heat for five to six hours, stirring it often during this process. Once done the material is taken out and is called frit. It is then easily converted to glass by pounding it out and vitrifying it in a melting pot. This is the state when different color can be added. Then, blow the glass to form different shapes and make different things and the whole glass making process is done.

Licha Permata Amanda
16607104

Glass Manufacturer

There are 2 main types of glass, plate glass and bottle glass, which are manufactured in the factory. The process itself needs 2 major steps, the melting and the shaping, before the outcome can be spread out to the store. The first step is the melting, the ingredients:sand, silica (SiO2); soda (Na2CO3), a sodium salt of carbonic acid; and limestone, of which only calcium oxide (CaO) is extracted are burnt and molten in the furnace with temperature for about 2.300°-2.800° F (1260°-1537°C). After becoming molten glass, it is distributed to the roller machine for shaped. The molten glass, or so called 'glob', is cut into plate while it is rolled over the roller machine and its temperature are lowered to make the molten glass change form from liquid state to solid form of any size the factory need. The the glass plate is cooled down again to maintain its solid state. Instead of go through the rolling machine, which makes the plate glass, the molten glass go through rather different shaping stage to become bottle glass: the molten glass fills the removable would in the shape of bottle glass while air acts as the shaper of inner shape, it makes hole inside the glass bottle, as the glass takes bottle form and is 'pushed' by the air, its temperature is also cooled down to make the bottle glass solid and bottle glass is ready when its temperature reach room condition. When the shaping stage is over, the plate glass and bottle glass is ready to be delivered.

Esqi Aktiadi
16507162
STEI

"Minal Aidzin wal Faidzin"
"Mohon maaf lahir dan batin"

The Process to Produce Glass

Glass has been produced by mankind for such a long time. Now, in modern life there are so many ways to produce glass. Every way has its unique procedures on treating the elements into glass. It is not hard to understand how glass is made.
First, to produce glass, we have to distinguish the elements which are going to be used. There are sand, soda, and finally limestone. The next step we must take is heating the elements, which already placed together, in some kind of media which is able in resisting the heat, so the elements will liquefy and can be processed into the further step. After heating, we have to decide the type of glass we want to produce. We have two options, the bottle-shaped glass and the plate-shaped glass.
If we chose to make a bottle-shaped glass, the next step we have to apply is placing the liquid elements into a mold which already shaped like a bottle in the inside. The important event which will happen in this process is related to the air pressure. When the elements poured into the mold, the air pressure outside will press the elements so the elements will be attached to the wall of the mold.The final step that we should take in processing the glass into a bottle-shaped glass is let ting the elements to froze inside the mold, and then remove the mold itself from the glass.
If we chose to make a plate shaped glass, the next step is placing the liquid elements into a square shaped media.The final step that must be applied in processing plate glass is transferring the elements out and rolled it into a set of rollers that put face-to-face. The liquid glass elements will then have a plate shape. After these series of processes above, the elements will be transformed into the glass, which we usually see and use in our daily life.

Pratiwi Utami Putri
16607245
FTSL 2007

Making Plate Glass and Bottle

Glass contents a mixture of silicate and soda (i.e. Ca(OH)₂, NaOH). Soda-lime composition is used to make bottle and plate glass. After prepared and measured the raw materials of glass, they are mixed and be fused initially. Then they are subjected to the coal-burning furnaces. The furnaces are full of heat, so the materials will be melted. The melted glass or the molten glass is brought to the correct working temperature, and then delivered to the forming machines. The molten glass will be formed into two forms, they are bottle and plate glass.

For making plate glass, the used method is pressing. In this process, the molten glass is produced by pouring molten on a flat surface and with double rollers on both sides of the molten glass. It will be smoothed on its both surfaces. By pouring glass into an iron table and rolling it flat. After annealing, the plate is polished on both sides. In polishing process, the temperature is high enough to make the plate glass perfect by removing fluid flow of the glass. The temperature is lowered as the glass through the end of the annealing oven.

Bottle is produced by two processes, pressing and blowing. Pressing is used to form the open side of the bottle. Blowing us used to form the body of the bottle. In blowing machine, the molten glass is dropped in a narrow and inverted mold, then forced down by an air blast into the lower part of the mold. A baffle then put over the top of the mold. The half-formed bottle, called a parison, is held by the neck, inverted, and then lowered into a second finishing mold, in which another air blast blows it out to bottle’s finished shape.

[16607304]

The Glass Making

Glass is made by combining sands,which is contain silica(SiO₂), soda ash and limestone. These raw materials are mixed and put in a furnace to be melted at a very high temperature. After the materials becomes a molten glass, it can easily formed into any shapes.

There are two basic shapes of glass. The first shape is plate glass which is made by flattened out the molten glass using some rollers. The second shape is bottle glass. It is made in several steps which is more complicated than steps in making plate glass. The first step is placed the molten glass at the end of a blow pipe. Second, it blown by the air from the pipe which will makes it expanded while dropping into a removeable mould. Last, the expanded molten glass keeps blown by the air until it is follow the shape of the removeable mould.

After the shaping process, a well formed glasses are being cooled down in several days and then they are ready to use.

MAKING GLASS PROCESS

In the process of making glass, several procedures are needed. First, sand (that contains of silica), soda, and limestone are put together into a furnace. Having heated in the furnace, those things turn into glass liquid. This glass liquid flows through a pipeline. Later, the flow is divided into two pipelines to produce two kinds of products, plate glass and bottle glass. To make plate glass, the glass liquid is delivered into some roles to be pressed. While in bottle glass production, the glass liquid is sent into removable moulds and some air is also blown into, then the glass liquid is pressed. When the temperature gets lower and this two kinds of glass get harder, they are ready to be used.

Step by step in making glass

There are some steps to make glass. First we need the main ingredients. There are Silica (SiO2) which we can get in the form of sand, then soda (Na2CO3) and limestone (CaO). Then mix the three ingredients in a furnace then heat the furnace. To melt the sand, the furnace has to reach a temperature of approximately 1,982°C. After they melt, the molten glass can be formed into two shapes.

The first shape is plate glass. Plate glass is made by poured molten glass into a melting pot, then the molten glass will flow through some rollers, so we can get the thickness we want.

The second shape is bottle glass. Bottle glass is made by poured molten glass into a removable mould. Then air is blown from a blowpipe into the mould. So the molten glass follows the shape of the removable mould and forms the bottle glass shape.

Then we have to cool down the plate glass or the bottle glass for several hours until it gets its solid form.

How Glass is Made

Glass is made by sand that contains of silica (SiO2). Silica is combined with soda (sodium bicarbonates) to make the silica’s viscosity and fusion temperature become lower. Then it is combined with limestone as a stabilizer. First, the three combined material are burned with furnace. Second, after it become a liquid, it is distributed into two different process, to be a plate glass and a bottle glass. Next, in plate glass process, glass is pressed by roller while in bottle glass process, glass is shaped by removable mould. Finally, glass is quality-controlled tested and distributed for economical purposes.

Azhari Surya Adiputro
16507070
STEI

Glass Making

Glass is a combination of sand and other minerals that are melted together at very high temperatures to form a material that is ideal for a wide range of uses. These are the following steps of making glass.
First, prepare the ingredients such as silica (SiO2) in sand form, soda ash (Na2CO3) and limestone (CaCO3). The composition of the ingredient can be vary depending on it's purpose. Second, Put the ingredient into the melting furnace and then melt it at temperature of 1700 Celcius degree. Other materials can be added in this stage to form different colours, such as uranium for yellow and gold for red. Third, draw the molten glass into the forming machine. It can formed into many kind of products, for example car widescreen. Fourth, The basic form reheated and changed into final form and then the glass cooled to strengthen it form. Done, the glass is ready to use.

Glass Making Process

The use of glasses in our daily life is so various; it can be used as bottles, plates, windows, until sun glasses that we usually use on daytime.
There are several steps of making the glasses. First, we should prepare for its ingredients, like sand, soda, and limestone. Then, all the ingredients must be mixed in the furnace with high heat, so they will mix perfectly and become a liquid, which can make us easier to shape the glass. After the materials turn to steam glass, it will be formed in two kind; bottle and plate glass. Forming glass steam into bottle: the glass steam should move to the removable mould, and blow air underneath it, until the bottle-shaped glass is made. The other, is plate glass. It’s made by pouring the steam glass into such a container that will continue to the rollers, which used to flatten the glass steam and make it thick, and it will be shaped next, as the form that you want.

Methadone therapy

Methadone therapy maybe the best therapy for drugs addict so far. Methadone has less effect than heroin, although methadone itself is a synthetic heroin. But, methadone not damaged the mental and body of its user like heroin. It works otherwise. While heroin destroy it's user, methadone bring order to it's user body. It also can stay longer inside its user body than heroin. Methadone also can reduce putaw effects. Methadone also has lighter side effects than putaw. Beside that, this method can control HIV spread because methadone is used by drink. There is a lot of junkie stop using putaw and heroin after having methadone therapy

From Sand to Glass

Glassmaking process includes three steps. Those are melting materials, shaping the melted materials, and cooling. At the beginning, sand, soda, and limestone are mixed and heated in a furnace, until all materials are melted. Then, the melted materials are divided to different places. The first portion is distributed into a roller and flattened. After the flat materials are cooled, we can take it as plate glass. The second portion is placed to a removable mould to be shaped. As the same time as the materials are being shaped, the mould is blown by cold air. After that, we get bottle glass.

How to Make Glass

There are several steps to make glass. First, glass is made by melting together several materials at very high temperatures. The main ingredient that required is silica (SiO2) in the form of sand. Then, silica is combined with soda ash and limestone. Soda ash (Na2CO3) is added to reduce the sand's melting point. Limestone (CaCO3) is added to make the glass water-resistant. The combination of these materials is called the 'batch'.
Then, the batch is melted in a furnace at temperatures of 1700°C (3090°F) for 5 or 6 hours and being frequently stirred during the process. After the batch becomes liquid or becomes molten glass, it can be formed into the desired shape.
Molten glass can be formed into two shapes. The first shape is plate glass. Plate glass is made by pouring molten glass into a melting pot upon a table covered with copper. Then, the molten glass is rolled or flattened out to a proper degree of thickness.
The second shape is bottle glass. Bottle glass is made by placing a piece of molten glass on the end of a blowpipe. After that, the molten glass is expanded by blowing air into the pipe. The removable mould is placed exactly under the blowpipe. When the air is blown, the molten glass follows the shape of the removable mould and forms the bottle glass shape.
Finally, when the piece is finished, the glassworker puts it into an annealing oven where it is gradually cooled over several hours to several days.

Isabella Widuri
16407001

The Process of Making Glass

There are several steps in the process of making glass. The first step is collecting the materials such as sand, soda, and limestone. The second step is mixing the materials in a furnace and are molted into a liquid called molten glass. After that, it is possible to make plate glass or bottle glass. To make plate glass, the molten glass has to be rolled in a flat plate, after that, the molten glass needs to be cooled down. To make bottle glass, the molten glass has to be poured into a mould that has a bottle shape, after that, air has to be injected into the mould so the molten glass is forced to make a bottle shape, after that, the molten glass has to be cooled down.

How the Glass is Made

It’s needed some steps to make a glass which we use everyday. First, we have to collect the material of the glass. They’re sand or pure silica (SiO2), soda or sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and limestone or calcium oxide (CaO). We can add some magnesium oxide (MgO) and aluminum oxide to provide for a better chemical durability. Then, they are put and mixed in the melting pot in a furnace and heated in about 1.500° C. After that, the mixture is divided into two parts. For making plate glass and bottle glass. Plate glass is made by poured molten glass into a roller, so that we get the shape we want. Bottle glass is made by poured molten glass into the removable mould and then the air is blown into the mould so that the molten glass will be pressed to the side of the mould. Then plate glass and bottle glass are cooled down for getting the solid form.

Processes of Making Glass

There are some steps to make glass. First, we need material such as sand (SiO2), limestone (CaO), and soda (Na2CO3). Then, mix those materials in a furnace and burn them in high temperature (1800 Kelvin) until they melt and become glass steam. The glass steam has to be flown to the next step. The next step is glass forming. There are two kind of process. First process is for producing plate glass. To make plate glass, pour the glass steam to container that will flow the mixture through some rollers. These rollers will flatten the glass steam into plate glass. The other process is for producing bottle glass. To make bottle glass, pour the mixture to a removable mould. Then, blow air into the mould to expand the melted mixture to the area inside it. Then, we have to cool down the mixture. After that, remove the mould to get the bottle. These are steps to make the plate glass or bottle glass.


FILMAN FERDIAN
16507209

Making plate and bottle glass

There are several steps that must be followed to make plate and bottle from glass. First, we have to prepare all the basic materials. They are sand, soda and limestone. After that, we mix all of the materials and heat them into the furnace. The furnace must be heated up to 1200 C, until all the materials reach their melting point and become fluids. Next step, the fluids that now called molten glass are flown in to different path for shaping. To make plate glass, flow the molten glass through the rollers so that the molten glass can get its shape. To make bottle glass, pour the molten glass in to the removable mould. Flow air to the molten glass that already shaped. When the temperature gets lower, the molten glass become harder and ready to use.

Parluhutan Alvin Joseph
16607301

Glassmaking Process

To make a glass, there are some steps to follow. First of all, you have to get all of the ingredients and tools: sand, soda, limestone, furnace, roller and removable mould. Then the sand, soda and limestone are mixed and heated in the furnace. After about a day, separate this mixture into two: the first part is flowed to a roller and the second is flowed to a bottle-shaped mould. Finally, after those are cooled, the first part becomes a plate glass and the second becomes bottle glass (after the mould is removed).

SABRINA RAHMAWATI
16507217

How Glass Is Made?

The making of glass requires several steps. Firstly, some sand, soda, and limestone need to be collected. These raw materials are then mixed in a furnace, and are melted down into a liquid known as molten glass. Once this molten glass is obtained the making of both plate glass and bottle glass becomes possible.
For the making of plate glass, the liquid molten glass is then rolled into a flat plate by rollers. When the glass finally cools down it would end up hard and thin, thus producing what we call plate glass.
For the making of bottle glass, the liquid molten glass is poured into a removable mould that has the shape of a bottle. Air is then injected into that removable mould, which forces the glass outward onto the mould and makes the glass take the shape of a bottle. The mould is then cooled down and removed, and a glass bottle is made

Bike to Work

Slogan of “bike to work” is being more popular today. Not just as a slogan but more and more people do it in their daily activities and make it as their lifestyle. Using bicycle to do our daily activities will make some advantages. First, we can save our city from pollution. Since air pollution in big cities, like Jakarta, has became worse day by day, an effort to reduce the using of fossil fuel that exhausts pollutant like carbon monoxide gas will be very worthy. Second, People who use bicycle in their daily activities can increase their health, because, unconsciously they have move all part of their body when they ride their bike. Based on the research, riding bicycle is one of activity that can increase our heart function. The third, we can decrease the level of traffic jam in our city beause using bicycle will not take lots number of the road like car do. The last but not least, we can save the energy, so our next generation can still enjoy natural resources, like oil, even it is unrenewable.

Parluhutan Alvin Joseph

16607301

Making glass

In general, there are several steps to make glass. First, the basic ingredients, which are sand, soda, and limestone are put and mixed together in the furnace. In that melting pot, they are heated at temperatures of 1200^o Celcius to be the molten glass material. The molten glass is divided into 2 kinds of process to get the shape of the glass. In the first kind of process, the molten glass is poured into rollers machine to be pressed. The result is the plate shaped glasses. The second kind of process is shaping bottle glass. In this case, the molten glass is put into the removable mould. During the shaping process, the air is blown into the mould. Then, the bottle glass is safely removed from the mould. After shaping, the glasses have to be cooled down before they are used or repackaged.

The Process of Making Glass Holds

There are several steps to make plate or bottle glass. First, we have to prepare sand, soda, and limestone as raw materials, for the better results, sometimes additional materials are needed. The next step is mixing and combusting all of the materials in the furnace, this process produce a mixture which should be used as basic materials for glass making. Then, this mixture is distributed into two channels or pipes, one is for plate glass further process another one is for bottle glass further process. The mixture in plate glass pipe is dumped into a basin to be rolled and shaped in the Rollers, we can call this process’ product as “hot plate”. The mixture in bottle glass pipe is put into removable mould along with the air to make desired shapes, we can call this process product as “hot bottle”. These two half-final products, “hot plate” and “hot bottle”, are put in an advanced cooler to get the final result, formed in plate and bottle glass as we seen in our circumstances. Sometimes, for aesthetic touch, these glass plate and glass bottle are painted or furnished.

16607097

Process of Making Glass

There are several steps to produce glass. First of all, we have to put the “ingredients” into the furnace. The material are sand, soda, and limestone. The furnace will melt them all. After that, the melting material will be divided and transported to two different locations. In the first location, we will make the material to be a bottle glass. The material will be put in a removable mould to fill it up. When the material has filled this mould, the air is blown to the center of the mould to make an empty space in the bottle. Then we just have to make the temperature lower, so the material will be back to its solid state. In the second location, we will make the material to be a plate glass. The material will be placed in a container that will transport it pass some rollers, to make it flat. After that, we have to lower its temperature, just like the bottle glass making process. These are the end of glass-making process.

Agung Rizky Fajri

16607119

FTSL 4

The Process of Glassmaking

There are three steps to make the glass. First is mixing the raw materials into the furnace. Silica in the sands, soda, and limestone as the raw materials are melted at temperatures of 1700 degrees Celcius for 24 hours in the furnace. During the process, we can add some substances like color powder or broken glass from a previous melt. Then, the second step is cooling the mixture several hundred degrees in order to make it easy to be formed. The third step is make the liquid formed. The liquid glass can be blown, pressed, drawn, or rolled. To make a bottle glass, the liquid is placed in a mold, and the air pressure is given against the side of the mold. While, to make a plate glass, the thick liquid is gone through the rollers until it has flat form. After that, place the formed glass in the oven to make it strong and then cooling it down at controlled temperatures. Finally, the glass has made and ready to be used.

Dian Rahmawati
16607126

The Making of Glass

Glass that we always use has passed many steps until we can use it. To make the glass, first we need some ingredients of glass such sand, soda, and limestone. Then these essential materials must be heated in a furnace. Second, we must process it and shape it to what we want. For example, if we want to make bottle glass, we need mould to help making the hole inside the bottle and the outside shape. Different from bottle glass, to make a plate glass we have to use some rollers to make the glass flat. Finally, the glass must be polished in order to make the glass looks sleeker. Then after some washing and cleaning, the glass has been ready to use.

How to make glass

Actually we did not obtain glass as the form we use now, but it is a mixture of some materials that processed in high temperature. The materials are sand (silica, SiO₂), limestone (calcium oxide, CaO), and soda ash (sodium carbonate, Na₂CO₃). We can add other material to get better quality of glass. To make glass, first the three basic materials heated with a high temperature inside the furnace. After it blended well, a high temperature liquid glass is directed into two machines, plate making machine and bottle-glass making machine. Inside the plate making machine, liquid glass is flowed through a roller to make thin plate glass, and it is pressed until we get the shape of glass we want. At the bottle-glass machine, the high temperature liquid glass placed at the top of the removable mould and blew by air. The liquid will puff and stick at the mould surface. After it cold enough the surface of the glass is softened by grindstone and finally it is ready to use.

edria albert varian wahyudi

16507073

The Process of Making Glass

Although making glass requires sophisticated tools, the process is actually simple. One of the process is using soda, limestone and sand as the basic materials. The materials must first be reduced to powder. Then they are mixed and put into furnace. After heated for 5 or 6 hours in high temperature, we have the materials is perfectly melted. The melted materials is called molten glass. The molten glass is put into some kind of machine to make a plate glass. The machine has some rollers to flatten the molten glass. To make a bottle glass. the molten glass is put into a removable mould and blown with air. After the glass is cooled, the mould can be removed and we have a bottle glass.

Bona
16507065

It's hard to imagine if modern people nowadays doesn't get contact with glass. Almost every modern equipment use glass as its primary material. Lamps, for example, use glass to avoid direct contact with human being. Television uses glass for its screen. Since glass has such an important role in our life. We need to know what glass really is and how it created.

It is widely known in public that glass is mixture of three ingredients: Sand or silicon oxide which is the most important elements to make glass, soda (Na2CO3) which helps to lessen the process temperature from 2000^oC to 1000^oC, and limestone so that the mixture doesn’t dissolve easily.

After collecting these three components, we combine them in a furnace and melt it at 1000^oC or more. As soon as the mixture melts, we pass it into two tunnels. One of them pours it into an empty container that has been designated to form several kinds of bottle. In this container, a flow of air is run into it in order to cool down the hot mixture.

The other tunnel leads to a roller machine that justifies the molten mixture so that the glass is produced in a plate form. These plate form then utilize in many way such as, in a building, television, light bulbs, and other products.

16607090

The production of glass

The production of glass has several steps. First, sand, soda, and limestone are mixed and heated in a furnace. Then the result is divided to two places. In the first place, the mixture is flattened by rollers then cooled to get a solid form. The result in the first place is plate glass. In the second place, the mixture is poured into a removable mould and blown by air, so in the result the mixture forms a bottle’s shape. Then the bottle glass is cooled and the mould is removed, so the bottle glass can be taken.

Stephen Herlambang
16507093
STEI

Good work, thanks

How to Make glass

Glass can be made into two types, bottle and plate glasses. The process to make bottle and plate is quite similar. First, melt the materials such as soda, sand and limestone to the furnace. The temperature of the melting must be kept in a high temperature until the materials are brought to a state of perfect fusion. Second, the mixture is directed to each mould. To make a plate glass, the mixture is placed in a tank which has a hole in under so that the mixture can flow to the rollers. Finally, the rollers will flatten the mixture to form a plate glass. Meanwhile, to make a bottle glass, the mixture is flowed to the removable mould with an air pressure to push the mixture against the side of the mould. After the glass is formed, the mould will be removed.

Good work, thanks.

Glass making

Glass making through along several processes. To make a glass, first, I have to put the basic material of glass into a furnance. The basic material are sand, soda, and limestone. They are be burned and put into furnance. The output from the first process, that is liquid glass, be distributed into glass mold machine. Among others there are plate mold machine and bottle mold machine. The plate mold machine arranged from rollers of a sort so that liquid glass can be transformed into a good plate shape. The bottle mold form was made so that it can be removed after molding. Before the liquid of glass enter the bottle mold form, an air stream flow be blown on it. All of this process of making glass tools ending in the process of cooling off.

Luthfi AG
16507233

How To Make Glass

Products of glass are made by several steps. First, several kinds of raw material, such as sand, limestone, and soda, are heated with high temperature inside a furnace. Actually, the main material of glass is silicon. Sand, limestone, and soda are used as basic materials because they contain silicon. Second, after all basic materials are melted and blended well, the liquid glass is directed into two different direction. One direction is to make plate glass and another to make printed glass, such as a bottle. In making a plate glass, liquid glass is placed in another furnace. From this furnace, liquid glass is directed to a roller machine then rolled and become a plate glass.
In the bottle glass production, little part of liquid glass is penetrated in to a removable mould shaped bottle. Then, some air is blown into the mould upon the liquid glass so the glass is blown and it sticks to mould wall. Because the glass follows the shape of mould wall, it then forms a bottle; like the printer mould shape. After glass become solid again, the mould is removed and we get a bottle glass.

16507141


Good work, thanks

Plate Glass and Bottle Making

There are several steps to make plate glass and bottle. Firstly, material of composing glass is burned in a furnace. Next, these materials are added with sand, soda, and limestone. After that, these materials are burned long enough. Product of burning is continued to two places. First place is to make plate glass and another to make bottle/glass. Product of burning comes into first place and into rollers. Then,it being plate glass. In second place, product of burning is added with air while first place is not. Next, product of burning comes into second place together with air. Second place is removable mould. So,product of burning can comes into it and being bottle.

ANDI HENDRA PALUSERI
16507314

Glass Making Process

Glass is a combination of silicious substances (i.e. sand) with one of fixed alkalies (i.e. soda) and also limestone. First, the sand, soda and limestone must first be finely granulated into powder. After the coarse parts are sifted out, the materials are mixed in the proper proportion (10 sand : 17 soda : 5 limestone) and put in the furnace for fiver or six hours. While the materials are heated in the furnace, they must be frequently stirred. After five or six hours, the matter is called frit and divided into two parts. The first part is used to make plate-glass. The frit is easily converted into glass by only pounding and rolling the frit. Sometimes, flux is added in a small portion to correct any fault in plate-glass. The second part is used to make bottle-glass. The frit is poured into a removable mould. When the frit turns into solid, the mould can be removed. The important thing that should be given more attention to get well-made glass is the furnace. The heat in the furnace should be brought on gradually to make a clear glass.

Good work, thanks



16607221

MAKING GLASS

Glass in all its myriad forms starts life in the raw material quarry. Those are sand (silica (SiO2)), limestone / dolomite (calcium oxide (CaO)), and soda ash (sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)). These three basic raw materials are manufactured and then delivered to the furnace to be made into a batch and melted to produce molten glass. In the furnace, firing is by natural gas through the side ports and the glass temperature in the furnace ranges from about 1100 – 1590 degrees Celsius.

From the furnace, the melted glass entering a bottle and plate forming machine.

In the bottle forming machine, different forming techniques are used, depending on the container to be produced, like wide mouth bottles or light weight bottles. But generally, a carefully measured amount of molten glass, called a “gob”, is fired through a funnel into the blank removable mould. Air is then blown into the gob to make it hollow. Then compressed air is used to produce the final shape.

The finished bottle is removed from the machine and conveyed to the lehr for annealing. Anneal is to toughen (glass or metals) by heating and slow cooling.

For plate forming, the gob enter the rolling machine and end up in the plate form. This glass plate can be processed becoming another form like window etc.

16507118

“Happy Idul Fitri 1428H”
Happy holiday…!!

Good work, thanks

How to Make Glass

It is not easy to make glass, and there are several steps must be followed. Firstly, prepare the materials, they are sand (silica), soda (Na2CO3) and limestone (CaO). Next, mix those ingredients in a furnace and burn them with very high temperature (over 1500 degrees of celcius) until they melt. After that, the mixture is separated into two parts. The first part is used to make a plate glass. In this part, the mixture is flowed in a melting pot, then it is cooled and formed by rollers. Another part is used to make a bottle glass. The mixture is placed in removable mould and blowen air into it. The air pressure will force the mixture to againts the wall and the glass blows become a bottle. Let it cools and hardens. Finally, remove the new bottle glass from the mould.

Nurika M.I
16607127

Good work, thanks.

Glass Make

To make glass out of raw materials, the correct material which is sand, soda, and limestone is needed. First, all of the material will be contained in a furnace and then burned in a high temperature that will make the material into liquid form. Second, the burned material will be divided two, one will be used as a plate glass material, while the other one will be used as bottle glass’. To make a plate glass the material will be grind in a roller until it took a flat shape. Making a bottle shaped glass is a bit different than a plate glass. The material for the bottle glass will be poured in a removable mould together with some air to make the material took the shape of the mould. When the material is solid enough the mould will be removed and the glass’ shape will remained as when it is inside the mould.

Adrian Edbert Luman
16507130
Writing Task 4

Good work, thanks. Adrian, you should use present tense.

Making Glass

To produce glass, there are several steps must be followed. The first step is to mix the raw materials, which is sand, soda, and limestone, in the furnace. The amount of each ingredient must be set to specific proportion. After that, burn the ingredients in the furnace at certain temperature until they are molten and mixed with each other. Next is the shaping phase. In this phase, the steps are different depend on what the glass will be made into. Generally there are two kinds of glass, plate glass and bottle glass. To produce plate glass, pour the molten ingredients to container that will flow the ingredients through some rollers. These rollers will flatten the mixture into plate glass with certain thickness. To produce bottle glass, pour the mixture to a removable mould. Then, some air is blown into the mould to expand the melted mixture to the area inside it. After both mixtures have been shaped, leave them in open air. When the temperature is low enough, the mixture will get hardened. Finally, a solid glass can be obtained.

Mochamad Raditya Pradana
16607004

Good work, thanks.

Process of making Glass

There are several steps in producing glass. First of all,the compounds such as silica(SiO2) in form of sand, soda, and limestone is mixed in the furnace. In this process,all of the component are heated until its melting point at 1700 degree Celcius and then the mixture become fluids. Next, the fluids will be flown into different path, one goes to a bottle glass process,another goes to plate glass process. In the bottle glass process,the mixture is put into removable mould and blown by the air,so the mixture will follow the shape of the mould's border and the air will fill the empty part of the bottle.In the plate glass, the fluids is put into one place and then it will flown passes the rollers to make the thin shape of the glass. After cooled, the glass is ready to use.

Task Four

Muhammad Haekal

16507127

Good work, thanks.

HOW GLASS IS MADE

There are several steps you need to do when you want to make a glass. First, you need to collect all of the ingredients. The ingredients are sand (mineral contains silica), soda (Na2CO3) and limestone (CaO). Second, after getting all of the ingredients, put them all into a furnace and then burn them with proper temperature, it is about 1400 degrees of Celsius. Third, separate the processed ingredients into two parts, the first part is used to make plate glass and the second part is used to make bottle glass. For the first part, flow the mixture (processed ingredients) into a melting pot. There, the molting pot grinds and polishes the both sides of mixture to make it smooth and pure, then the part of molting pot called roller carries the mixture. For the second part, heat the mixture up to 700 degrees of Celsius until the sand melts and becomes fluid. At this point, the raw material is already melted and the output of that process is called molten glass. Then flow it into a mold in the end of a tube. In the end of making plate or bottle glass process, cool the mixture to get the solid form of either plate glass or bottle glass. To make a high quality of bottle glass, place the molten glass in an annealing oven, then cool it so slowly that the glass is not able to shatter from the strain of sudden temperature change.

Ario Yudo Husodo

16507042

Good work, thanks.

Commiting Suicide

Almost 3 years ago,suicidal has being hot issues in Japan.Almost everyday,at least one of Japanese,especially teenager,commiting suicide for unknown reason. Government say that the cause for this unordinary case is the impact of bad habit around the victim's environment. However, it is not similar with phsycologist's tought. According to their discovery at that time,most of the victims were ordinary and introvert person and also related to the computer everyday.They believe that the victims have been registered as member of some internet community which impact them to commit suicide.

Clearly this problem should be concerned by all of us. As we know the globalization grew so fast nowadays.We should know how to wave the information ,not Information waved us.I'm sure we all don't want to see people die easily just because of the simple cause just like this.

Task Three

Muhammad Haekal

16507127
Good work, thanks.

How Glass is Made

There are several steps to make glass. First, mix sand, soda, and limestone. Then burn it in a furnace at a very high temperatures. After this process, we'll get the molten glass. The molten glass is the basic form of plates,bottles,and other things that made from glass. To make plates, place the molten glass into a rolling pin to be pressed, cool it down, and the molten glass will become a hard-thin plate glass. To make bottles, pour the molten glass into a removable mould. Then, blow the air into the mould, cool it down, remove the mould, and we'll get the bottles. It sounds easy, but we need to be careful or we could get burnt!

FATIMAH ZAHRA
16607167
Good work, thanks.

The Three Simple Steps to Make Plate and Bottle Glass

Glass has been used by us for many years but “have you ever known how glass is made?” There are three steps to make two kinds of glass which are plate and bottle glass. First of all processes, sand, soda, and limestone must be mixed and burnt at 1500 Reamur in a furnace. The next step, the mixed form from the furnace is divided into two directions in order to get the final form. The final stage, plate glass can be produced if the mixed form is intercepted by a tank and formed by rollers. Bottle glass is formed by a removable mould and in the middle of this process some air is blown into the mould to get the shape of the bottle that we used to use it.

BENHARDI
16507034
WR-01

Good work, thanks.

The Process of Glass-Making

The glass-making process is a time-taking process. The process starts with mixing silica which is obtained from sand with other raw materials which is added to make the process can be done easier like soda that can lowered the melting point of silica and limestone which is added to get better chemical durability. Then, the mixture is routed to the furnace to be heated until it is melted. And the result is the glass stream. Next, the glass stream is distributed to different production line. Some are distributed to make plate glass and the rest are distributed to bottle glass production. The plate glass is formed by sending the glass stream to the rollers to be flatted. While bottle glass is formed in a longer process. First, the glass stream is cut into gobs. Then, the gobs are routed to the blank removable molds. Next step is forming the parison, partially shaped container, by using compressed air then blow out the shape. Finally, after removing the mold, the container or the bottle is done.

Good work, thanks.

the process to make glass

Making a glass is not hard. it's relatively easy. before make a glass
you must collect all ingredients. the ingredients are sand, soda, and limestone.
After you had all ingredients, put them into furnace and burnt it with temperatures
of approximately 1500 degrees celcius.The output of that process is molten glass.
with molten glass, you can make two kinds of glass, plate glass or shaped glass.
To make plate glass, you must flow the molten glass to roller.After it cooled, you
will get plate glass. The process to make a shaped glass is a little different than
making plate glass. After you get molten glass, flow it to the shaped mould.
The shape can be anything. It can be bottle, can, or anything. After the molten
glass (inside the mould) has cooled, remove the mould and you will get shaped glass.
See, it's easy right?

Good work, thanks.

How To Make A Glass

There are easy ways in making of glass. First, we have to collect the material, such as sand, soda, and limestone. After collected, all of the material is mixed in a furnace. Next step is heating. The furnace is heated for about six to twelve hours. Then, the molten is separated into two different process, in order to make two different shapes. The first one is rolled under the rolling pins. In this process, the molten will become plate-shaped glass. Then, the second one is placed under the removable mould which is shaped like a bottle. In this process, the bottle-shaped glass can be obtained after removed from the removable mould. After became two different shapes, the glass is given ornaments and cleaned.

Abraham Ranardo Sumarsono
16507125

The Glass-Making Process

There are several steps in the glass-making process. For the first step, we must collect the ingredients to make glass. The ingredients are sand, soda, and lime, which we can get from limestone. In the second step, we must mixed them all and put it in the melting pot in the furnace and then we must heated it up to approximately 2500 degrees Fahrenheit. The result which we can get from it is a form of a molten glass. The last step is forming the molten glass into a solid glass. From this molten glass form, we can make two kinds of glass. That is, the plate glass and the bottle glass. To make plate glass, the molten glass must be poured into some rollers which can shaped the molten glass into a plate glass. The second kind is the bottle glass. To make this bottle glass, the molten glass was poured into a removable mould. While this process take place, the air was blown into the mould as well so that the molten glass was pressed to the side of the mould. After the molten glass cooled down and began to shape a solid bottle form, the mould will be removed to get the bottle glass . These are the steps in the glass-making process.


Mochammad Taufan
16607259
Good work, thanks.

Making Glass

The making of glass doesn’t take lots of steps. First step, silica in the form of sand as the main ingredient, combined with soda ash and lime stone are flowed into a furnace and melted at temperatures of 1700oC. Then, the mixture is separated into two parts, for making plate glass and the other is for making bottle glass. For making plate glass, the mixture is just flowed into a melting pot then it is grinded and polished both sides to smooth clarity, then it is caried by a system of rollers . For making bottle glass, the mixture is heated to above 1,000 degrees Farenheit, until the sand melts, and becomes fluid, this is molten glass. It is then blown into a balloon-like shape on the end of a tube. In commercial mold blown and pressed glass applications, this 'balloon' of glass is blown inside a bottle-shaped. The mold is then placed in an annealing oven, to cool very slowly, so the glass doesn't shatter from the strain of sudden temperature change. Both of those two process are ended with cooling process to get the solid form of either plate glass or bottle glass.

Marcella Dyan
16607067
Good work, thanks

Glass Production

Glass is made by two separated processes, melting and forming. First, sand (mineral contains silica), limestone (CaO), and soda (Na2CO3) are put together in a melting pot in a furnace. Next, the pot is heated up to approximately 1200-degree Celsius. At this point, the raw material is already melted, forming a reddish liquid, that is called molten glass. Second process is forming. In this part, molten glass is formed into plate glass and bottle, the basic form of every glassware such as lamp tube and sauce bottle. Molten glass is poured to a series of rolling pin. Then the glass is pressed by the rolling pin to be a plate. After cooled down with air, the glass formed a hard-thin-plate glass. To make bottle glass, molten glass is poured to a bottle-shape mold. Then, compressed air is injected into the center of the mold so it will press the glass outward and make the center of the glass hollow. Next, the mold is cooled down and the glass is taken out as a bottle. So after these processes molten glass becomes plate glass and bottle.

Kris Derril S.
16507088

Very well written.

Processes to Make a Glass

There are some steps to make a glass. First, sand, soda, and limestone are put and mixed in a furnace, and then they are heated. Then the mixture is divided into 2 paths of process. In the first path, the mixture is cooled and formed by rollers. It becomes plate glass. In the second path, the mixture is put in a removable mould. When the mixture is put, the air is blown into the mould. Then the mixture forms a bottle glass shape in the mould. Then the mould is removed to get the bottle. These are the processes to make a glass.

Bernardino Madaharsa D.A. / 16507204

Very well written.

Glass Making

There are several steps in making glass. First of all, sand, soda, and limestone must be mixed and burnt in a furnace. Then, the melted form of the mixture can be made into two kinds of glass, that is, plate glass and bottle glass, which depend on the process. Plate glass can be produced if the melted mixture is flatten by rollers machine, while bottle glass is formed by a removable mould. In moulding the bottle glass, the melted mixture must be put into the neck of removable mould. Then, some air is blown into the mould to expand the melted mixture to the area inside it. Both plate glass and bottle glass have the same final process. The formed melted mixture is cooled to get a solid glass.

Aris Feryanto
16507262

Very good.

Playing Guitar

I really like to play guitar. I play guitar since I was in third grade of junior high school. I didn’t take a music course but I learn it autodidacts. My first guitar is acoustic Brunswick. I like to play guitar because it can relax my mind and helps me to entertain myself when I feel so bored. Not only that, I think the sound of the guitar is so beautiful. The harmonization makes me want to play it more and more. I usually play it three hours a day and it increases my ability in playing this instrument. I tend to play blues music because the melody is simple but beautiful. My favorite guitar player is John Mayer. The way he plays the guitar gives me motivation to play the guitar as good as he is.

Good, thanks for posting.

Earthquake

An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of stored energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes are accordingly measured with a seismometer, commonly known as a seismograph. The magnitude of an earthquake is conventionally reported using the Richter scale (with magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes being hard to notice and magnitude 7 causing serious damage over large areas). For example, the earthquakes that occurs in Sumatra recently has a magnitude of 7.9 Richter scale. It causes some houses to crumble and it also damaged large areas.

At the Earth's surface, earthquakes may manifest themselves by a shaking or displacement of the ground. Sometimes, they cause tsunamis, which may lead to loss of life and destruction of property. An earthquake is caused by tectonic plates getting stuck and putting a strain on the ground. The strain becomes so great that rocks give way by breaking and sliding along fault planes.

Earthquakes may occur naturally or as a result of human activities. Smaller earthquakes can also be caused by volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear experiments.

Mochammad Taufan
16607259

Good, thanks for posting.

HOW GLASS IS MADE

Glass used in a lot of human equipments comes from raw materials which pass the making process of glass. There are three steps in making of glass. They are melting, cooling, and forming.
The first step is melting. The raw materials containing silica which is from white sand or pulverized sandstone, soda (sodium bicarbonate), and lime which is from limestone are melted together at 2600 until 2900 Fahrenheit in furnace. The temperature depends on the composition of the raw materials. This step takes about twenty four hours.
The second step is cooling. After melting, the molten glass is then cooled until several hundreds degree at which it can be shaped. It has to be worked quickly to form it into the desired shape.
The last step is forming. The glass can be formed into bottles or plates. For glass bottles, molten glass is placed in a mould. Air is blown in and then the air pressure forces the glass against the side of the mould. When the glass cools and hardens, the mould is opened and a newly-made glass bottles removed. For glass plates, the sheet of glass is rolled flat along the assembly line. After it cools, the glass is ground and polished.


CAMELIA INDAH M.
16607256

Good writing, thanks.