Glass Making Process

There are several steps to make glass. At the beginning, sand, soda, and limestone were put together and melted in a furnace with high temperature. Then, the melted material was separated to to forming process. First, the mixture was put in a reservoir that was connected with rollers. The mixture was flow to the rollers. As the temperature decrease, the mixture was flattened. The result the process was plate glass. Second process, the mixture was put in a removable mould. When it was cooled, it became bottle-shaped-glass.

Tedy Muslim Haq
16407170

The Story of Mumble Happy Feet

Hi.. my name is Mumble. But the other penguins in my neighbourhood usually call me with “Happy Feet”, Mumble Happy Feet. They call me like that because I can not sing like they do. Instead of singing, I usually “say” my feelings with moving my feet in a beat. It’s kind of “Tap Dance” that humans can do. I thought it was okay for the other penguins, I thought they can accept me the way I am. Whether I dance or sing. But I was wrong. The other penguins can not accept my dancing, they say bad things about me because I can not sing like them. That’s why, they call me Happy Feet.

Pressure Compensated Valve

As shown in the diagram, fluids enter the valve from the inlet and dividen into two flows. One fluid flow goes through the center hole of Opening B and get pass to fill the center tube of the Piston A. After the fluids flows into the tube, it will be pushed and pressurize out through the outlet that positioned right after the body of Piston A. These pressure are increased by the flow that also compacting the volume of the tube as an effect of the movement of Piston A when pressed by that flow that came from the inlet and pressurize the Piston A.
The other flow of the flow hits the wall of piston A surrounding the Opening B area, this pressure of mass flow fluid will push the Piston A to the direction of Spring C. When the piston finally reach the end of its lane and touched spring C, automatically the outlet valve that is located on the side of the tube will be closed. When this outlet is closed, the fluid that enters Piston A through Opening B will be trapped and holded inside the main tube of Piston A. These processes are united in one whole cycle that would repeat itself one after another as long as the fluid flows and will stop when the fluid stops.

Diandra Arinita
16607095

The Key of Making Excellent Espresso

To make an excellent espresso, one has to pay attention to the key factor, which is, the pressure. To get the pressure right, a cup of water might be needed to make two solid ounces of espresso. First, pack the coffee tightly and add some water. Make sure the water is enough. Then turn the stove on. Watch closely as the espresso-in-process brews. As soon as the first ounce come out of the brewer, pull it off the stove. Then, the second ounce of espresso will come out shortly after. As the instruction before, one cup of water is enough to make only two best-in-taste ounces of espresso, so do not ever overbrew it. Just keep in mind that quality is more important tha quantity.

Mochamad Ikrar Pradana
16507146
STEI

Steps in Making Glass

Men, generally, take these steps to make glass. The first thing to be done is get the glass basic materials (consist of sand, soda, and limestone) mixed in a furnace. Then, the product gets separated into halves and both were put on different places. First half of the mixture has to be flattened using rollers. The flat half of mixture is then cooled to make it solid. The result of this first half of mixture is called a plate glass. The other half of the mixture is poured into a type of removable mould and then get blown with air so that it will take shape of a bottle. After this bottle shaped mixture is cooled and freed from mould, a bottle glass can be taken out as the product.


Mochamad Ikrar Pradana
16507146
STEI

fourth

The glass making process

Glass is made throughout several steps. First, set up ingredients and instrument required to make glass. The main ingredients consist of soda (Na₂CO₃), sand (SiO₂), and limestone (CaO). Then, mix up all of ingredients in the furnace. After that, burn the ingredients at certain temperature. Leave the mixture in the furnace, so that all compounds have melted. The next step, the molten is divided into two processes. First process, the mixture is passed through a roller. Hence, we get a flat glass. Second process, the molten poured into removable mould and blown by air. We get then bottle glass from this process.

holiday

I really like holiday. It is a chance for me to refresh and relax my self because I don’t have to study a lot. On holiday, I can wake anytime, take some exercises, do some homework, review some lessons, go to some interesting places, hang out with my friends, and even sleep all day long. Besides offering pleasant day, I can also plan what I’m going to do tomorrow.

Glass Making

If we want to make glass, whether it is a plate glass or bottle glass, there are few steps that we should do. First we mix sand, soda, and limestone in a furnace. Next the mixture are being flown into two different shapping container, a bottle shaped removable mould to make bottle glass and a container with rolls after it. To make a bottle glass we pour the mixture to the removable mould. Then we blow air into the mould so that the bottle would have space inside. To make a plate glass, we pour the mixture to another container and flown the mixture through rollers. To make the mixture flat.

Making Glasses

There are some steps to make glass. The first step is gathering the main ingredients such as silica (SiO2) which we can get in the form of sand, then soda (Na2CO3) and limestone (CaO). Second step is mixing the ingredients in a furnace. The third step is heating the furnace until the furnace reaches a temperature of approximately 1,500°C. After being molten, the molten glass can be formed into two form.
The first form is plate glass. The molten glass is poured into a melting pot, then the molten glass will flow through some rollers, so we can get the thickness we want.
The second form is bottle glass. The molten glass is poured into a removable mould. Then air is blown from a blowpipe into the mould. The molten glass will follows the shape of the removable mould and forms the bottle glass shape.
Then the plate glass or the bottle glass is cooled down until it gets it's solid form.

Ari Purnomo Murniadi
16507186

HOW TO MAKE GLASS

Glass is made by several steps. Firstly, the compositions (sand, soda, and limestone) are mixed and melted at high temperature (about 3600 F) in the furnace. After amount of time, the mixed compositions will become liquid and it will be separated to become different kind of glass. The first one will become plate glass as it brought to the rollers. Another one will be brought into removable mould which is filled with air inside it so it will be bottle glass.

MINANURROHMAN
16607052

Glass Making Process

There are a few steps to make a glass. Fist, we put sand, soda, and limestone into the furnace and mix it well. In the furnace, the mixture are being processed to become liquid, and that would be the main item to make 2 kinds of glasses. Bottle glass and plate glass. To make the bottle glass, the mixture that is in the furnace are being flown to the removeable mould that shaped like a bottle. In the removeable mould, after we pour the mixture, we blow air to it so it shaped like a bottle with a room in the middle of it. To make the plate glass, the sand soda and limestone mixture are being flown to a different place, this time to a container that was connected to a rollers. After that, the rollers will flattened the mixture and make it a plate glass.

Diandra Arinita
16607095

Water Pump

Almost every house has water pump. The water pump pumps water from ground to water tank, which is usually located at high place.
Then the water is distributed to water pipes.
By storing water at water tank, the system has some advantage.
First, the water always stand by and ready to use even if water from the ground is dry.
Second, the pressure of the water is higher than directly from water pump. Some water usage such as shower need this kind of high pressure.

Glass processing

Glasses are made by simple procedure. The materials and the compositions could be different depending the purpose.
First, the materials, such as sand, soda, and limestone, are put in furnace to their melting point until they become liquid.
Then, the liquid is distributed to mould to be formed as bottle, plate, and many else..
After the liquid hardened and take the shape of it's mould, then the mould is removed and the glass is ready to use.

TRAVELING

I like traveling so much. I always enjoy traveling whether it is a long or short vacation. Everytime I travel, I always find something new and it’s just so interesting to know new things. I find new cultures or habits that are very different from my own and there are always fun things to discover from other cultures. When travel, I meet so many people, which each person comes from a different background and ethnicity. By then, I can make more friends and connections. Never say no to traveling, because there will be new experiences, new friends, new knowledge, and entertainment in a travel .

Why Choosing ITB as a Place to Study?

There are several reasons why I choose ITB as a place to study. First, lecturers in ITB are number one in their occupation. They are graduated from magister and doctoral program in accredited university around the world. Second, ITB is always in big five universities in Indonesia. Even, in the latest SPMB, score of ITB’s new student is in the first rank. Third, ITB is located in Bandung. I choose ITB, because it is near by Jakarta, where is my family live.

glass, how it comes

There are several common steps in making glass. First of all, prepare the basic materials. They are soda, sand, and limestone (a type of white rock, containing calcium. Second, melt them down in a furnace (an enclosed space or room for heating e.g. metal or glass to a very high temperature, OXFORD Advanced Learner’s Dictionary). This process takes time for six hours. After all the materials are melted down, this dough can be separated into two purposes, for making plate glass and bottle glass. Plate glass is made by using roller that flattens the dough. In other hand, bottle glass is made by using mould that forms the dough into bottle. Blowing air on the top of mould makes the dough formed faster. After all, the mould can be released. Those are the common steps of making glass.

How to make a glass

Several steps are required in the production of a glass. First, the materials which include sand, soda and limestone are reduced to powder. After the coarse parts are sifted, they are heated within a furnace of high temperature for five or six days. The result of the heating process, which appear in liquid form, will be sent to two places. The first place liquid will be shaped by rollers and later be cooled to form a flat shape. This process will produce the a plate glass. The second place liquid is put in a mould and be blown by air. The liquid is then cooled and removed from the mould when it is cool enough. This process is meant to create a bottle glass. These are the basic steps for producing the two type of glasses.

Daniel
16507183

Glass Making Process

There are three steps in the glass making process. First, we have to collect some materials such as sand, limestone, and soda. Then, put the materials in the furnace which have thousands celsius degree temperatures. In the furnace, those materials will be melted and mixed. After that, to make a plate glass, pour the mixture into roller pins, let the roller pins pressed it, cool it down, and get the thin flat glass. To make a bottle glass, pour the mixture into a removable mould, blow by air, cool it down, remove the mould, and get the bottle shaped glass.



Annisa Fitri
16507140

How to Make a Glass

           There are some steps in making glass. The first step is mixing the basic materials (that is sand, soda, and limestone) in a furnace. Next step is melting the materials in a certain temperature in the furnace. The mixture from the melting process then divided based on the product that wanted to be created. To make a plate glass, the mixture is flattened using a roller. To make a bottle glass, the mixture is placed in a removable mould and then blown by air to make a bottle shape. The last step is cooling the mixture so it last appearance is a glass.

Process of Making Glass...

Making glass has several steps, which can’t be rearranged. First, we have to prepare the materials used to make glass, such as sand, soda, and limestone, and the tools like furnace, roller, and removable mould. Then, the materials are mixed (by reducing them into powder). After that, they’re heated in the furnace, preferable in the constant temperature for about 5 to 6 hours. The result of this heating is divided into two places according the shape desired. In the first place, the melted mixture is flattened by rollers and cooled into a solid plate glass. In the second one, the melted mixture is distributed into the mould, given air pressure, and then cooled. After the solid bottle glass obtained, the mould can be removed. Finally, the glass products are ready to sell or use.

Martin Sirait (16507338)

Have a nice holiday..!!

glass making

There are several steps to produce glass. First, the materials such as sand, soda, and limestone must be reduced to powder. After the coarse parts are sifted, the mixed materials are heated in a furnace for five or six hours in very high temperature. Then the result of the heating process, which is liquid form, will be distributed to two places. In the first place, the result will be shaped by rollers and then cooled to form a flat shape which process will produce plate glass as the result. In the second place, the result of the heating process is put in removable mould and blown with air. After the mixture is cooled, the mould can be removed and a bottle glass has been formed.

How the Glass is Made

I will explain how the glass is made, generally, in 3 steps:

First, gathering the materials for making glass. The materials are sand, limestone, flint, spar, or some other silicious substances, with one or other of the fixed alkalies, and in some cases with a metallic oxide. The silicious substances are lead, borax, arsenic, nitre, or any alkaline matter such as soda, pearlash, sea-salt, and wood-ashes.

Second, processing the materials. The coarse goods must be washed in water. Then it must be reduced to powder. After sifting out the coarse parts, the proper proportions are mixed together, and put it into the calcining furnace, where they are kept in a moderate heat for 5 or 6 hours, being frequently stirred about during the process.

Third, forming the glass. The melted glass from furnace is divided into two places with two purpose; making plate glass and making bottle glass. To make plate glass, the melted glass is flattened and cooled by rollers, and the result is thin plate glass. At the other place, to make bottle glass, the melted glass is flowed into removable mould then blown by air. The glass is cooled and the mould is removed, then the result is bottle glass.

Now we know the production of glass. Do you know how you were made by God?

Nurfitri Anbarsanti
16507029

Glasses..

There are several kinds of glasses that can be adapted to different uses. Glass can be manipulated to form packaging, car windscreens, glazing or numerous other products. Bottle-glass is the coarsest and cheapest kind of glass which consists of alkaline earth and oxide of iron combined with alumina and silica. While, the best and most beautiful are the flint and the plateglass. They are composed of fixed alkali, pure siliceous sand, calcined flints and litharge, in different proportions.
Glass is made by melting together several minerals at very high temperatures. Silica in the form of sand is the main ingredient and this is combined with soda ash and limestone. Other materials can be added to produce different colours or properties. These materials for making glass must first be reduced to powder, which is done in mortars or by horse mills. After having a powder, sift out coarse parts and mix silex and flux together, put in furnace, and heat for five to six hours, stirring it often during this process. Once done the material is taken out and is called frit. It is then easily converted to glass by pounding it out and vitrifying it in a melting pot. This is the state when different color can be added. Then, blow the glass to form different shapes and make different things and the whole glass making process is done.

Licha Permata Amanda
16607104

Glass Manufacturer

There are 2 main types of glass, plate glass and bottle glass, which are manufactured in the factory. The process itself needs 2 major steps, the melting and the shaping, before the outcome can be spread out to the store. The first step is the melting, the ingredients:sand, silica (SiO2); soda (Na2CO3), a sodium salt of carbonic acid; and limestone, of which only calcium oxide (CaO) is extracted are burnt and molten in the furnace with temperature for about 2.300°-2.800° F (1260°-1537°C). After becoming molten glass, it is distributed to the roller machine for shaped. The molten glass, or so called 'glob', is cut into plate while it is rolled over the roller machine and its temperature are lowered to make the molten glass change form from liquid state to solid form of any size the factory need. The the glass plate is cooled down again to maintain its solid state. Instead of go through the rolling machine, which makes the plate glass, the molten glass go through rather different shaping stage to become bottle glass: the molten glass fills the removable would in the shape of bottle glass while air acts as the shaper of inner shape, it makes hole inside the glass bottle, as the glass takes bottle form and is 'pushed' by the air, its temperature is also cooled down to make the bottle glass solid and bottle glass is ready when its temperature reach room condition. When the shaping stage is over, the plate glass and bottle glass is ready to be delivered.

Esqi Aktiadi
16507162
STEI

"Minal Aidzin wal Faidzin"
"Mohon maaf lahir dan batin"

The Process to Produce Glass

Glass has been produced by mankind for such a long time. Now, in modern life there are so many ways to produce glass. Every way has its unique procedures on treating the elements into glass. It is not hard to understand how glass is made.
First, to produce glass, we have to distinguish the elements which are going to be used. There are sand, soda, and finally limestone. The next step we must take is heating the elements, which already placed together, in some kind of media which is able in resisting the heat, so the elements will liquefy and can be processed into the further step. After heating, we have to decide the type of glass we want to produce. We have two options, the bottle-shaped glass and the plate-shaped glass.
If we chose to make a bottle-shaped glass, the next step we have to apply is placing the liquid elements into a mold which already shaped like a bottle in the inside. The important event which will happen in this process is related to the air pressure. When the elements poured into the mold, the air pressure outside will press the elements so the elements will be attached to the wall of the mold.The final step that we should take in processing the glass into a bottle-shaped glass is let ting the elements to froze inside the mold, and then remove the mold itself from the glass.
If we chose to make a plate shaped glass, the next step is placing the liquid elements into a square shaped media.The final step that must be applied in processing plate glass is transferring the elements out and rolled it into a set of rollers that put face-to-face. The liquid glass elements will then have a plate shape. After these series of processes above, the elements will be transformed into the glass, which we usually see and use in our daily life.

Pratiwi Utami Putri
16607245
FTSL 2007

Making Plate Glass and Bottle

Glass contents a mixture of silicate and soda (i.e. Ca(OH)₂, NaOH). Soda-lime composition is used to make bottle and plate glass. After prepared and measured the raw materials of glass, they are mixed and be fused initially. Then they are subjected to the coal-burning furnaces. The furnaces are full of heat, so the materials will be melted. The melted glass or the molten glass is brought to the correct working temperature, and then delivered to the forming machines. The molten glass will be formed into two forms, they are bottle and plate glass.

For making plate glass, the used method is pressing. In this process, the molten glass is produced by pouring molten on a flat surface and with double rollers on both sides of the molten glass. It will be smoothed on its both surfaces. By pouring glass into an iron table and rolling it flat. After annealing, the plate is polished on both sides. In polishing process, the temperature is high enough to make the plate glass perfect by removing fluid flow of the glass. The temperature is lowered as the glass through the end of the annealing oven.

Bottle is produced by two processes, pressing and blowing. Pressing is used to form the open side of the bottle. Blowing us used to form the body of the bottle. In blowing machine, the molten glass is dropped in a narrow and inverted mold, then forced down by an air blast into the lower part of the mold. A baffle then put over the top of the mold. The half-formed bottle, called a parison, is held by the neck, inverted, and then lowered into a second finishing mold, in which another air blast blows it out to bottle’s finished shape.

[16607304]

The Glass Making

Glass is made by combining sands,which is contain silica(SiO₂), soda ash and limestone. These raw materials are mixed and put in a furnace to be melted at a very high temperature. After the materials becomes a molten glass, it can easily formed into any shapes.

There are two basic shapes of glass. The first shape is plate glass which is made by flattened out the molten glass using some rollers. The second shape is bottle glass. It is made in several steps which is more complicated than steps in making plate glass. The first step is placed the molten glass at the end of a blow pipe. Second, it blown by the air from the pipe which will makes it expanded while dropping into a removeable mould. Last, the expanded molten glass keeps blown by the air until it is follow the shape of the removeable mould.

After the shaping process, a well formed glasses are being cooled down in several days and then they are ready to use.

MAKING GLASS PROCESS

In the process of making glass, several procedures are needed. First, sand (that contains of silica), soda, and limestone are put together into a furnace. Having heated in the furnace, those things turn into glass liquid. This glass liquid flows through a pipeline. Later, the flow is divided into two pipelines to produce two kinds of products, plate glass and bottle glass. To make plate glass, the glass liquid is delivered into some roles to be pressed. While in bottle glass production, the glass liquid is sent into removable moulds and some air is also blown into, then the glass liquid is pressed. When the temperature gets lower and this two kinds of glass get harder, they are ready to be used.

Step by step in making glass

There are some steps to make glass. First we need the main ingredients. There are Silica (SiO2) which we can get in the form of sand, then soda (Na2CO3) and limestone (CaO). Then mix the three ingredients in a furnace then heat the furnace. To melt the sand, the furnace has to reach a temperature of approximately 1,982°C. After they melt, the molten glass can be formed into two shapes.

The first shape is plate glass. Plate glass is made by poured molten glass into a melting pot, then the molten glass will flow through some rollers, so we can get the thickness we want.

The second shape is bottle glass. Bottle glass is made by poured molten glass into a removable mould. Then air is blown from a blowpipe into the mould. So the molten glass follows the shape of the removable mould and forms the bottle glass shape.

Then we have to cool down the plate glass or the bottle glass for several hours until it gets its solid form.

How Glass is Made

Glass is made by sand that contains of silica (SiO2). Silica is combined with soda (sodium bicarbonates) to make the silica’s viscosity and fusion temperature become lower. Then it is combined with limestone as a stabilizer. First, the three combined material are burned with furnace. Second, after it become a liquid, it is distributed into two different process, to be a plate glass and a bottle glass. Next, in plate glass process, glass is pressed by roller while in bottle glass process, glass is shaped by removable mould. Finally, glass is quality-controlled tested and distributed for economical purposes.

Azhari Surya Adiputro
16507070
STEI

Glass Making

Glass is a combination of sand and other minerals that are melted together at very high temperatures to form a material that is ideal for a wide range of uses. These are the following steps of making glass.
First, prepare the ingredients such as silica (SiO2) in sand form, soda ash (Na2CO3) and limestone (CaCO3). The composition of the ingredient can be vary depending on it's purpose. Second, Put the ingredient into the melting furnace and then melt it at temperature of 1700 Celcius degree. Other materials can be added in this stage to form different colours, such as uranium for yellow and gold for red. Third, draw the molten glass into the forming machine. It can formed into many kind of products, for example car widescreen. Fourth, The basic form reheated and changed into final form and then the glass cooled to strengthen it form. Done, the glass is ready to use.

Glass Making Process

The use of glasses in our daily life is so various; it can be used as bottles, plates, windows, until sun glasses that we usually use on daytime.
There are several steps of making the glasses. First, we should prepare for its ingredients, like sand, soda, and limestone. Then, all the ingredients must be mixed in the furnace with high heat, so they will mix perfectly and become a liquid, which can make us easier to shape the glass. After the materials turn to steam glass, it will be formed in two kind; bottle and plate glass. Forming glass steam into bottle: the glass steam should move to the removable mould, and blow air underneath it, until the bottle-shaped glass is made. The other, is plate glass. It’s made by pouring the steam glass into such a container that will continue to the rollers, which used to flatten the glass steam and make it thick, and it will be shaped next, as the form that you want.

Methadone therapy

Methadone therapy maybe the best therapy for drugs addict so far. Methadone has less effect than heroin, although methadone itself is a synthetic heroin. But, methadone not damaged the mental and body of its user like heroin. It works otherwise. While heroin destroy it's user, methadone bring order to it's user body. It also can stay longer inside its user body than heroin. Methadone also can reduce putaw effects. Methadone also has lighter side effects than putaw. Beside that, this method can control HIV spread because methadone is used by drink. There is a lot of junkie stop using putaw and heroin after having methadone therapy

From Sand to Glass

Glassmaking process includes three steps. Those are melting materials, shaping the melted materials, and cooling. At the beginning, sand, soda, and limestone are mixed and heated in a furnace, until all materials are melted. Then, the melted materials are divided to different places. The first portion is distributed into a roller and flattened. After the flat materials are cooled, we can take it as plate glass. The second portion is placed to a removable mould to be shaped. As the same time as the materials are being shaped, the mould is blown by cold air. After that, we get bottle glass.

How to Make Glass

There are several steps to make glass. First, glass is made by melting together several materials at very high temperatures. The main ingredient that required is silica (SiO2) in the form of sand. Then, silica is combined with soda ash and limestone. Soda ash (Na2CO3) is added to reduce the sand's melting point. Limestone (CaCO3) is added to make the glass water-resistant. The combination of these materials is called the 'batch'.
Then, the batch is melted in a furnace at temperatures of 1700°C (3090°F) for 5 or 6 hours and being frequently stirred during the process. After the batch becomes liquid or becomes molten glass, it can be formed into the desired shape.
Molten glass can be formed into two shapes. The first shape is plate glass. Plate glass is made by pouring molten glass into a melting pot upon a table covered with copper. Then, the molten glass is rolled or flattened out to a proper degree of thickness.
The second shape is bottle glass. Bottle glass is made by placing a piece of molten glass on the end of a blowpipe. After that, the molten glass is expanded by blowing air into the pipe. The removable mould is placed exactly under the blowpipe. When the air is blown, the molten glass follows the shape of the removable mould and forms the bottle glass shape.
Finally, when the piece is finished, the glassworker puts it into an annealing oven where it is gradually cooled over several hours to several days.

Isabella Widuri
16407001

The Process of Making Glass

There are several steps in the process of making glass. The first step is collecting the materials such as sand, soda, and limestone. The second step is mixing the materials in a furnace and are molted into a liquid called molten glass. After that, it is possible to make plate glass or bottle glass. To make plate glass, the molten glass has to be rolled in a flat plate, after that, the molten glass needs to be cooled down. To make bottle glass, the molten glass has to be poured into a mould that has a bottle shape, after that, air has to be injected into the mould so the molten glass is forced to make a bottle shape, after that, the molten glass has to be cooled down.

How the Glass is Made

It’s needed some steps to make a glass which we use everyday. First, we have to collect the material of the glass. They’re sand or pure silica (SiO2), soda or sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and limestone or calcium oxide (CaO). We can add some magnesium oxide (MgO) and aluminum oxide to provide for a better chemical durability. Then, they are put and mixed in the melting pot in a furnace and heated in about 1.500° C. After that, the mixture is divided into two parts. For making plate glass and bottle glass. Plate glass is made by poured molten glass into a roller, so that we get the shape we want. Bottle glass is made by poured molten glass into the removable mould and then the air is blown into the mould so that the molten glass will be pressed to the side of the mould. Then plate glass and bottle glass are cooled down for getting the solid form.

Processes of Making Glass

There are some steps to make glass. First, we need material such as sand (SiO2), limestone (CaO), and soda (Na2CO3). Then, mix those materials in a furnace and burn them in high temperature (1800 Kelvin) until they melt and become glass steam. The glass steam has to be flown to the next step. The next step is glass forming. There are two kind of process. First process is for producing plate glass. To make plate glass, pour the glass steam to container that will flow the mixture through some rollers. These rollers will flatten the glass steam into plate glass. The other process is for producing bottle glass. To make bottle glass, pour the mixture to a removable mould. Then, blow air into the mould to expand the melted mixture to the area inside it. Then, we have to cool down the mixture. After that, remove the mould to get the bottle. These are steps to make the plate glass or bottle glass.


FILMAN FERDIAN
16507209

Making plate and bottle glass

There are several steps that must be followed to make plate and bottle from glass. First, we have to prepare all the basic materials. They are sand, soda and limestone. After that, we mix all of the materials and heat them into the furnace. The furnace must be heated up to 1200 C, until all the materials reach their melting point and become fluids. Next step, the fluids that now called molten glass are flown in to different path for shaping. To make plate glass, flow the molten glass through the rollers so that the molten glass can get its shape. To make bottle glass, pour the molten glass in to the removable mould. Flow air to the molten glass that already shaped. When the temperature gets lower, the molten glass become harder and ready to use.

Parluhutan Alvin Joseph
16607301

Glassmaking Process

To make a glass, there are some steps to follow. First of all, you have to get all of the ingredients and tools: sand, soda, limestone, furnace, roller and removable mould. Then the sand, soda and limestone are mixed and heated in the furnace. After about a day, separate this mixture into two: the first part is flowed to a roller and the second is flowed to a bottle-shaped mould. Finally, after those are cooled, the first part becomes a plate glass and the second becomes bottle glass (after the mould is removed).

SABRINA RAHMAWATI
16507217

How Glass Is Made?

The making of glass requires several steps. Firstly, some sand, soda, and limestone need to be collected. These raw materials are then mixed in a furnace, and are melted down into a liquid known as molten glass. Once this molten glass is obtained the making of both plate glass and bottle glass becomes possible.
For the making of plate glass, the liquid molten glass is then rolled into a flat plate by rollers. When the glass finally cools down it would end up hard and thin, thus producing what we call plate glass.
For the making of bottle glass, the liquid molten glass is poured into a removable mould that has the shape of a bottle. Air is then injected into that removable mould, which forces the glass outward onto the mould and makes the glass take the shape of a bottle. The mould is then cooled down and removed, and a glass bottle is made

Bike to Work

Slogan of “bike to work” is being more popular today. Not just as a slogan but more and more people do it in their daily activities and make it as their lifestyle. Using bicycle to do our daily activities will make some advantages. First, we can save our city from pollution. Since air pollution in big cities, like Jakarta, has became worse day by day, an effort to reduce the using of fossil fuel that exhausts pollutant like carbon monoxide gas will be very worthy. Second, People who use bicycle in their daily activities can increase their health, because, unconsciously they have move all part of their body when they ride their bike. Based on the research, riding bicycle is one of activity that can increase our heart function. The third, we can decrease the level of traffic jam in our city beause using bicycle will not take lots number of the road like car do. The last but not least, we can save the energy, so our next generation can still enjoy natural resources, like oil, even it is unrenewable.

Parluhutan Alvin Joseph

16607301

Making glass

In general, there are several steps to make glass. First, the basic ingredients, which are sand, soda, and limestone are put and mixed together in the furnace. In that melting pot, they are heated at temperatures of 1200^o Celcius to be the molten glass material. The molten glass is divided into 2 kinds of process to get the shape of the glass. In the first kind of process, the molten glass is poured into rollers machine to be pressed. The result is the plate shaped glasses. The second kind of process is shaping bottle glass. In this case, the molten glass is put into the removable mould. During the shaping process, the air is blown into the mould. Then, the bottle glass is safely removed from the mould. After shaping, the glasses have to be cooled down before they are used or repackaged.

The Process of Making Glass Holds

There are several steps to make plate or bottle glass. First, we have to prepare sand, soda, and limestone as raw materials, for the better results, sometimes additional materials are needed. The next step is mixing and combusting all of the materials in the furnace, this process produce a mixture which should be used as basic materials for glass making. Then, this mixture is distributed into two channels or pipes, one is for plate glass further process another one is for bottle glass further process. The mixture in plate glass pipe is dumped into a basin to be rolled and shaped in the Rollers, we can call this process’ product as “hot plate”. The mixture in bottle glass pipe is put into removable mould along with the air to make desired shapes, we can call this process product as “hot bottle”. These two half-final products, “hot plate” and “hot bottle”, are put in an advanced cooler to get the final result, formed in plate and bottle glass as we seen in our circumstances. Sometimes, for aesthetic touch, these glass plate and glass bottle are painted or furnished.

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Process of Making Glass

There are several steps to produce glass. First of all, we have to put the “ingredients” into the furnace. The material are sand, soda, and limestone. The furnace will melt them all. After that, the melting material will be divided and transported to two different locations. In the first location, we will make the material to be a bottle glass. The material will be put in a removable mould to fill it up. When the material has filled this mould, the air is blown to the center of the mould to make an empty space in the bottle. Then we just have to make the temperature lower, so the material will be back to its solid state. In the second location, we will make the material to be a plate glass. The material will be placed in a container that will transport it pass some rollers, to make it flat. After that, we have to lower its temperature, just like the bottle glass making process. These are the end of glass-making process.

Agung Rizky Fajri

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FTSL 4

The Process of Glassmaking

There are three steps to make the glass. First is mixing the raw materials into the furnace. Silica in the sands, soda, and limestone as the raw materials are melted at temperatures of 1700 degrees Celcius for 24 hours in the furnace. During the process, we can add some substances like color powder or broken glass from a previous melt. Then, the second step is cooling the mixture several hundred degrees in order to make it easy to be formed. The third step is make the liquid formed. The liquid glass can be blown, pressed, drawn, or rolled. To make a bottle glass, the liquid is placed in a mold, and the air pressure is given against the side of the mold. While, to make a plate glass, the thick liquid is gone through the rollers until it has flat form. After that, place the formed glass in the oven to make it strong and then cooling it down at controlled temperatures. Finally, the glass has made and ready to be used.

Dian Rahmawati
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The Making of Glass

Glass that we always use has passed many steps until we can use it. To make the glass, first we need some ingredients of glass such sand, soda, and limestone. Then these essential materials must be heated in a furnace. Second, we must process it and shape it to what we want. For example, if we want to make bottle glass, we need mould to help making the hole inside the bottle and the outside shape. Different from bottle glass, to make a plate glass we have to use some rollers to make the glass flat. Finally, the glass must be polished in order to make the glass looks sleeker. Then after some washing and cleaning, the glass has been ready to use.

How to make glass

Actually we did not obtain glass as the form we use now, but it is a mixture of some materials that processed in high temperature. The materials are sand (silica, SiO₂), limestone (calcium oxide, CaO), and soda ash (sodium carbonate, Na₂CO₃). We can add other material to get better quality of glass. To make glass, first the three basic materials heated with a high temperature inside the furnace. After it blended well, a high temperature liquid glass is directed into two machines, plate making machine and bottle-glass making machine. Inside the plate making machine, liquid glass is flowed through a roller to make thin plate glass, and it is pressed until we get the shape of glass we want. At the bottle-glass machine, the high temperature liquid glass placed at the top of the removable mould and blew by air. The liquid will puff and stick at the mould surface. After it cold enough the surface of the glass is softened by grindstone and finally it is ready to use.

edria albert varian wahyudi

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The Process of Making Glass

Although making glass requires sophisticated tools, the process is actually simple. One of the process is using soda, limestone and sand as the basic materials. The materials must first be reduced to powder. Then they are mixed and put into furnace. After heated for 5 or 6 hours in high temperature, we have the materials is perfectly melted. The melted materials is called molten glass. The molten glass is put into some kind of machine to make a plate glass. The machine has some rollers to flatten the molten glass. To make a bottle glass. the molten glass is put into a removable mould and blown with air. After the glass is cooled, the mould can be removed and we have a bottle glass.

Bona
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It's hard to imagine if modern people nowadays doesn't get contact with glass. Almost every modern equipment use glass as its primary material. Lamps, for example, use glass to avoid direct contact with human being. Television uses glass for its screen. Since glass has such an important role in our life. We need to know what glass really is and how it created.

It is widely known in public that glass is mixture of three ingredients: Sand or silicon oxide which is the most important elements to make glass, soda (Na2CO3) which helps to lessen the process temperature from 2000^oC to 1000^oC, and limestone so that the mixture doesn’t dissolve easily.

After collecting these three components, we combine them in a furnace and melt it at 1000^oC or more. As soon as the mixture melts, we pass it into two tunnels. One of them pours it into an empty container that has been designated to form several kinds of bottle. In this container, a flow of air is run into it in order to cool down the hot mixture.

The other tunnel leads to a roller machine that justifies the molten mixture so that the glass is produced in a plate form. These plate form then utilize in many way such as, in a building, television, light bulbs, and other products.

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